Lipids:%20Fats%20

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Lipids Fats Oils
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• Lipids

Concentrated energy molecules
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Lipids

• Examples
• fats
• oils
• waxes
• hormones
• sex hormones
• testosterone (male)
• estrogen (female)

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Lipids

• Function
• Long term energy storage
• very concentrated
• twice the energy as carbohydrates!
• cell membrane
• cushions organs
• insulates body
• think whale blubber!

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Structure of Fat
not a chain (polymer) just a big fat molecule
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• List 3 foods that contain mostly lipids
• 2) List 3 ways that living creatures use lipids
• 3) List 3 examples of lipids in living organisms

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Saturated fats

• Most animal fats
• solid at room temperature
• Limit the amount in your diet
• contributes to heart disease
• deposits in arteries

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Unsaturated fats

• Plant, vegetable fish fats
• liquid at room temperature
• the fat molecules dont stack tightlytogether
• Better choice in your diet

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Saturated vs. unsaturated
saturated
unsaturated
?
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Other lipids in biology

• Cholesterol
• good molecule in cell membranes
• make hormones from it
• including sex hormones
• but too much cholesterol in blood may lead to
  heart disease

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Other lipids in biology

• Cell membranes are made out of lipids
• phospholipids
• heads are on the outside touching water
• like water
• tails are on inside away from water
• scared of water
• forms a barrier between the cell the outside

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• What is the difference between a saturated and
  unsaturated lipid?
• 2) Cholesterol is considered both a good and a
  bad molecule to have in your body why?
• 3) What structure in living organisms is made of
  phospholipids?

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• Lets build some
• Lipids!

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Nucleic acids
Information molecules
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Nucleic Acids

• Examples
• DNA
• DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
• RNA
• RiboNucleic Acid

RNA
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Nucleic Acids

• Function
• genetic material
• stores information
• genes
• blueprint for building proteins
• DNA ? RNA ? proteins
• transfers information
• blueprint for new cells
• blueprint for next generation

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Genes (DNA)are needed to run bodies every
day to make you and meto make new cells to
make babies!
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Nucleic acids

• Building block

nucleotides
nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide nucleotide

• 5 different nucleotides
• different nitrogen bases
• A, T, C, G, U

Nitrogen basesIm the A,T,C,G or Upart!
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• What are the functions of a nucleic acid in
  living organisms?
• 2) What is the monomer for NA?
• 3) Draw and label a monomer of a nucleic acid.

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Nucleotide chains

• Nucleic acids
• nucleotides chained into a polymer
• DNA
• double-sided
• double helix
• A, C, G, T
• RNA
• single-sided
• A, C, G, U

strong bonds
RNA
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DNA

• Double strand twists into a double helix
• weak bonds between nitrogen bases join the 2
  strands
• A pairs with T
• A T
• C pairs with G
• C G
• the two strands can separate when our cells
  need to make copies of it

weak bonds
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Copying DNA

• Replication
• copy DNA
• 2 strands of DNA helix are complementary
• they are matching
• have one, can build other
• have one, can rebuild the whole

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Watson and Crick and others
1953 1962
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• How are the bonds different that hold together
  the sides of the double helix and the bonds that
  hold together the middle of the double helix?
• What are the two types of nucleic acids? What is
  different about the shape of each?