THOMAS JEFFERSON and JAMES MADISON

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THOMAS JEFFERSONand JAMES MADISONS
ADMINISTRATIONS
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• I. Thomas Jeffersons Administration (1801-1809)
  
• a. Domestic affairs
• 1. Election of 1800- tie between Thomas
  Jefferson
• and Aaron Burr, both Republicans
• a. Party wanted Jefferson Burr wouldnt
  step aside
• b. House of Representatives-had to break
  tie
• 1. Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist,
  swings
• votes for Jefferson-thought Burr was
  dangerous
• 2. Jefferson Revolution of 1800 letter
• a. called his victory this -felt the people had
  voted for changes as great as those they fought
  for during the American revolution
• b. felt government was too involved in economic
  affairs
• 1. believed in laissez-faire- (let
  alone) policy

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• 3. National Debt
• a. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury,-cuts
  debt from 83 million to 45 million
• 4. Conflict with Judicial Branch
• a. Judiciary Act of 1801-Adams appointed many
  midnight judges, Federalists judges, who were
  signed in before midnight on his last day.
• b. Jefferson orders James Madison, Secretary
  of State,to cease(stop), work on these
  appointments
• c. Judge William Marbury sued Madison
• 1. Marbury v Madison - said Judiciary Act
  1789
• gave Supreme Court the power to review
  cases
• brought against a federal official

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• d. Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John
  Marshall, vote for Marbury, but they could not
  force Madison to give him the commission
• 1. WHY Marshall said that part of the
  Judiciary
• Act of 1789 was unconstitutional
  (Congress
• could not give the Supreme Court such
  power)
• e. FIRST TIME the Supreme Court declare a law
• by Congress unconstitutional- gave them
  power
• 1. This power is called Judicial Review.
• 2. Case set a precedent, or model, for future
  cases

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• b. Exploration
• 1. Louisiana Purchase - 1803
• a. in 1800, Spain had ceded (granted) the
  Louisiana Territory (land from Mississippi River
  to the Rocky Mts) to France
• b. Jefferson nervous-Napoleon Bonaparte, Frances
  leader, had plans to conquer Europe
• 1. Pres.sends aides-offers to buy New
  Orleans/Fla.
• 2. Napoleon needs money for war in Europe
• 1. offers to sell all Louis. Territory for 15
  Mill
• a. They buy it This doubles the size of USA
• b. Federalists unhappy Americans were happy

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• 2. Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1806
• a. Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis William
• Clark on expedition (long, organized
  journey)
• b. Sacajawea- Native American guides them
• c. Continental Divide- place on a continent
  that
• separates river systems flowing in
  opposite
• direction-crossed it in Rocky Mts
• c. Election of 1804
• 1. Twelfth Amendment - 1804 (passed due to
  tie)
• a. electors would now vote for President
  and
• VP separately assured same political
  party

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• 2. Jefferson and George Clinton (new VP) win
• a. Aaron Burr, old VP, runs for NY
  Gov-loses
• b. angry with Alexander Hamilton-duel
• b. foreign affairs
• Barbary pirates (North Africa) harassed US ships
  
• in Mediterranean Sea- captured crew and
  cargoes
• a. WE paid Barbary States tributes-payments
  for
• protection
• b. new leader of Tripoli (Libya) wants more
  tributes
• 1. Jefferson refuses- they declare war on
  US
• 2. blockade (close off) Jefferson blockades
  Tripolis
• port with warships-sends Marines

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• c. war ends in 1805- shows US needs strong
  navy
• and that they would fight to protect its
  own
• 2. impressment British continues to do this
• a. they attack US warship, The Chesapeake
• b. US citizens appalled-Jefferson did not want
  war
• c. Creates an embargo official government
  ban
• on trade with France and Britain
• 1. Embargo Act prohibited all American
  ships
• from leaving port (major mistake- costs
  US
• money)
• a. Replaced with Non-Intercourse Act, which
• prohibited trade with only France and
  Britain.

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• II. James Madisons Administration (1809-1817)
• a. Domestic Affairs
• 1. Native American Resistance
• a. Americans moved into West on Native
• American territories-many died from
  diseases
• b. Tecumseh- Shawnee chief unites NA
  tribes
• 2.William Henry Harrison, gov.of Indiana
• a. takes army to Shawnee villages and
  defeats
• them at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

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JAMES MADISON
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• b. Foreign Affairs
• 1. War Hawks(those who urged war with Britain)
• a. anti-British feelings over problems at
  sea
• and England supporting the Native
  America
• b.Britain at war with France-cannot trade
  with
• U.S. due to Non-Intercourse Act
• 1. repeals its decision to hamper U.S.
  ships
• 2.Madison finds out too late-declares war
• 2. War of 1812-
• a. U.S.-weak Navy- hires privateers-armed
  ships
• b. Campaign for Canada- Detroit captured by
  Eng.

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The War Hawks were angry over Britain's seizure
of American ships and the impressment of American
Sailors. The British Navy would attack ships they
felt were trading with France and confiscate U.S.
cargo. Impressment - that was when sailors on
American ships would essentially be taken and
forced into the British Navy.
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• c. Battle of Old Ironsides
• 1. U.S. ship, the Constitution, a wooden
  ship,
• stopped cannons-nicknamed Old
  Ironsides
• a. beats English at sea
• d. Battle of Lake Erie
• 1. Oliver Hazard Perry, Navy, attacked bigger
• British warships
• a. We have met the enemy, and they are
  ours.
• b. his wins forced Britain out of Detroit
• e. Britain invades-1814
• 1. ended its war with France-invade U.S.

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Privateer ships were privately-owned armed
vessels used in the U.S. Navy
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• 2. British burn Washington
• a. Dolley Madison, presidents wife, saved
• documents and Washingtons portrait
• 3. Battle of Ft. McHenry- Baltimores harbor-
  U.S. troops fight off British
• a. Francis Scott Key, a lawyer, watched the
• battle and wrote a poem about it.
• 1. later becomes The Star-Spangled Banner,
• our national anthem-official song of
  praise

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• 3. Hartford Convention- 1814- group of New Eng.
  delegates (mostly Federalists) met-opposed the
  war-wanted to secede, or leave, the U.S.
• a. New Orleans win/end of war changed their
• minds-end of Federalists
• 4. Treaty of Ghent (Belgium) Dec. 1814
• a. ends fighting-created feeling of
  nationalism,or
• pride in country-beat England twice