Filling fraction = 31.7%; Sampling fraction = 2.1%

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(S, Q fibers 0.8 mm f )
Filling fraction 31.7 Sampling fraction 2.1
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Effective radius 162 mm (0.8 lint, 8 rM )
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DREAM energy resolution (for jets)
Need to test larger calorimeter for full
containment Test also effects of magnetic fields
and finer sampling Simulation being tuned to the
beam test data. 20-25/vE with finer sampling
and BE fluctuations measured
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4th Calorimeter Plans
1. Electrons and photons limited by
photo-statistics study dual readout of single
PbWO4 crystal. 2. Binding energy loss
fluctuations next biggest contributor to energy
resolution study readout of MeV neutrons from
hadronic shower. 3. Readout to compact
B-insensitive photo-converter study SiPM with
integrated electronics, FADC, etc.
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• Techniques to separate light from Cherenkov and
• scintillation
• - time structure and directionality of light.
• Measuring MeV neutrons in showers
• - special SciFi (non-H, Boron-loaded)
• - time spectrum
• - Birks parameter/PSD
• Crystal EM section in front of triple-readout
  module
• Multipixel Photon Counter/Si-PM for readout

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Separation of Scintillation and Cerenkov Light
with a single PMT
a. Method using the time structure
Scintillator and Cerenkov light pulses have
distinctly different time spectra. Applying
Fast-Slow discrimination the two components can
be selected This technique will be also useful
for neutron selection as well.
Time structure of light signals.
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Slope dL/dt measures C/S
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Measuring MeV neutrons
by time

• Velocity of MeV n is 0.05 c
• Scintillation light from np?np scatters comes
  late
• neutrons fill a larger volume
• This method misses early neutrons

t(ns) ?
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hydrogen-rich vs hydrogen-poor SciFi

• Hydrogenous scintillating fiber measures protons
  from np?np scatters
• A second scintillating non-hydrogenous fiber
  measures all charged particles, but no protons
  from np scatters.

Lithium-loaded or Boron-loaded fibers
Pacific Northwest Laboratory works on these

• Birks constant parameterizes the reduction in
  detectable ionization from heavily ionizing
  particles (essentially due to recombination)
• Some of these materials are difficult liquids

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Crystal (PbWO4) EM section in front of
triple-readout module

• Dual (scintillationCerenkov) readout idea
  tested at CERN. Separation of Scintillation
  and Cerenkov Light in an Optical Calorimeter,
  Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A550185-200,2005
• Physics gain excellent EM energy resolution
  (statistical term very small), excellent spatial
  resolution with small transverse crystal size.
• Dual-readout yields correct hadronic energy
  deposited in EM section (1/2 of all hadrons
  interact in EM section).
• Use Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC/SiPM)

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Backup slides
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Programme in 2006 (and later)
- Test beam at CERN summer 2006
After 2005 shutdown DREAM ready (and eager) to
resume test beam
- Many ideas and techniques to explore, many
suggestions/advices

• - New collaborators are joining
• .
• Korea
• Italy ( Lecce, Messina, Pavia, Roma, Trieste /
  Udine)
• .

Gaining momentum, hopefully support also.