Extended Learning Module C

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• Extended Learning Module C
• Computer Hardware and Software

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Introduction

• Information technology (IT) computer-based tool
  that people use to work with information and
  support the information and information-processing
  needs of an organization.
• Hardware the ______ ________ that make up a
  computer.
• Software the set of _________ that your
  hardware executes to carry out a specific task
  for you.

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A Quick Tour of Technology

• Six categories of hardware
• _______ device -
• _______ device -
• Storage device
• Central processing unit (CPU) RAM, or random
  access memory,
• __________ device -
• Connecting device

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Trends in Computer System Capabilities
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Categories of Computers By Size

• _______________ a small hand-held computer that
  helps you surf the Web and perform simple tasks
  such as note taking, calendaring, appointment
  scheduling, and maintaining an address book.
• ______________ - a fully functional computer
  designed to be carried around and run on battery
  power.
• Desktop computer - the most popular choice for
  personal computing needs.

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Categories of Computers By SizeMinicomputers,
Mainframe Computers, and Supercomputers
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A Quick Tour of Technology

• Software types include
• Application software - solves specific problems
  or perform specific tasks.
• System software - handles tasks specific to
  technology management.
• Operating system software - controls application
  software and manages hardware devices.
• Utility software - provides additional
  functionality to the operating system.

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Trends in Computer Software
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Software Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication
Software

• Application software is used to meet specific
  information-processing needs, including such
  things as
• Payroll
• Customer relationship management
• Project management
• Training
• Word processing and many others.

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Software Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication
Software
Team Work

• Personal productivity software - performs
  personal tasks, including such things as
  creating
• Memos
• Graphs
• Slide presentations

• Buying Personal
• Productivity
• Software Suites
• (p. 49)

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Software Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication
Software

• Word processing Spreadsheet
• Presentation Desktop publishing
• Personal information management (PIM) Web
  authoring
• Graphics Communications Database
  management system (DBMS)
• Personal finance.

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Software Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication
Software

• ___________ market software
• Horizontal __________ software

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Software Your Intellectual InterfaceSystem
Software

• Operating system software - controls application
  software and manages how hardware devices work
  together.
• __________- allows you to work with more than
  one piece of software at a time.
• Utility software - adds additional functionality
  to the operating system.
• _____________ - utility software that scans for
  and often eliminates viruses in RAM and storage
  devices.

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Software Your Intellectual InterfaceSystem
Software

• Uninstaller software utility software that
  removes software from your hard disk.
• Disk optimization software utility software
  that organizes information on your hard disk.

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Software Your Intellectual InterfacePersonal
Operating Systems

• Microsoft Windows 2000 Pro
• Microsoft Windows 2000 Me
• Microsoft Windows XP Home
• Microsoft Windows XP Pro
• Mac OS.
• Linux

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Top 10 Signs You Need a New Computer

• 10. That burning smell whenever you boot up.
• 9. Can't find replacement vacuum tubes.
• 8. Te damnd kybrd dosnt wrk.
• 7. You have so little memory your computer
  forgets everything you type in.
• 6. You don't "surf" the Web, you drown.
• 5. Your favourite punch-card outlet just went out
  of business.
• 4. You keep getting calls from the curator at the
  Smithsonian.
• 3. Your computer crashes every time you sneeze.
• 2. You're still using 5.25" floppy disks for mass
  storage.
• 1. Your cell phone can play better games than
  your PC.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input
Devices

• Keyboard
• Trackball
• Point-of-sale (POS)
• Pointing stick
• Microphone
• Touchpad

• Mouse
• Bar code reader
• Touch screen
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)
• Scanner

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output
Devices

• CRTs
• Flat-panel displays .
• Resolution of a screen
• Dot pitch

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output
Devices

• Resolution of a printer - the number of dots per
  inch (dpi) it produces, which is the same
  principle as the resolution in monitors.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output
Devices

• Inkjet printers make images by forcing ink
  droplets through nozzles.
• Laser printers form images using an
  electrostatic process.
• Multifunction printers scan, copy, and fax, as
  well as print.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics
of CPUs and RAM

• Central processing unit (CPU) - the actual
  hardware that interprets and executes the
  software instructions and coordinates how all the
  other hardware devices work together.
• RAM, or random access memory, - temporary storage
  that holds the information, the application
  software, and the operating system software.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics
of CPUs and RAM

• CPU speeds
• CPU cycles determine how fast a CPU executes
  software instructions.
• More cycles means faster processing (and more
  cost.)
• Megahertz (MHz) - the number of millions of CPU
  cycles per second.
• Gigahertz (GHz) - the number of billions of CPU
  cycles per second.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics
of CPUs and RAM

• RAM capacity is expressed in bytes.

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Moores Law
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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCommon Storage
Devices

• Storage device capacities are measured in terms
  of bytes.
• Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) is roughly 1 million
  bytes.
• Gigabyte (GB or Gig) - roughly 1 billion
  characters.
• Terabyte (TB) - roughly 1 trillion bytes.

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Storage Trends
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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceCommon Storage
Devices

• Floppy disk
• High-capacity floppy disk
• Hard disk
• CD-ROM
• CD-R (compact disc recordable)
• CD-RW (compact disc rewritable)
• DVD-ROM
• DVD-R
• DVD-RW, or DVD-RAM, or DVDRW

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceTelecommunicatio
ns Devices
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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceTelecommunicatio
ns Devices

• Types of modems include
• Telephone modem
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem
• Cable modem
• Satellite modem
• Module E covers these in more detail.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceTelecommunicatio
ns Devices

• Communication software includes
• Connectivity software enables you to use your
  computer to dial up or connect to another
  computer.
• Web browser software enables you to surf the
  Web.
• E-mail software enables you to electronically
  communicate with other people by sending and
  receiving e-mail.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceConnecting
Devices
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Hardware Your Physical InterfaceConnecting
Devices

• Different hardware devices require different
  kinds of ports and connectors.
• _________- the plug-ins found on the outside of
  your system box (usually in the back) into which
  you plug a connector.

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Hardware Your Physical InterfacePorts
Keyboard and mouse ports
____ port
Serial port
__________ port