A View of the Cell

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Chapter 7

• A View of the Cell

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Created the first microscope

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Robert Hooke

• First scientist to use the term cell in reference
  to living things
• Used it incorrectly

4
Robert Brown

• First to use the term nucleus to reference dark
  object in the center of a cell

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Schleiden and Schwann

• First scientists to state that all plants and all
  animals are made of cells

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Rudolf Virchow

• Stated that all cells come from pre-existing
  cells

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The Cell Theory

• All organisms are made of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
  function in living things
• All cells come from pre-existing cells

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Compound light microscope

• Uses multiple lenses to magnify object
• Maximum magnification is 1500x

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Electron microscopes

• Uses electrons to magnify objects
• Maximum magnification is 500,000x
• SEM and TEM

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Two Basic Cells

• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes

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Prokaryotes

• Do not have a nucleus
• Do not have membrane-bound organelles
• Ex bacteria

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Eukaryotes

• Do have nuclei
• Do have membrane-bound organelles
• Ex amoeba, yeast, plant and animal cells

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Plasma Membrane

• Boundary between the cell and its environment
• Gives cell its shape
• Allows certain things to move in and out
• Selective permeability

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Cytoplasm

• Helps give cell shape
• Place where chemical reactions occur
• Suspends cell parts

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Cell Wall

• Rigid structure outside plasma membrane
• Provides support and protection
• Found in plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria

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Nucleus

• Controls cell activity
• Contains chromosomes and DNA

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Nucleolus

• Found inside the nucleus
• Makes ribosomes

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Ribosome

• Located in the cytoplasm
• Makes proteins
• One of the few organelles found in a prokaryotic
  cell

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Involved in chemical reactions
• Transport system

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Golgi Apparatus

• Packages and sorts proteins to be shipped to
  other parts of the cell

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Vacuole

• Storage site for water, minerals, food, and
  sometimes waste
• Gives shape to plant cell
• Usually not found in animal cells

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Lysosome

• Contain digestive enzymes to destroy worn-out
  cell parts and bacteria

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Plastid

• Storage site for starch and pigments
• Found only in plants

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Chloroplast

• Where photosynthesis takes place
• Found only in plants and some protists

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Mitochondria

• Place in cells where glucose is converted into
  energy
• The powerhouse

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Cytoskeleton

• Similar to human skeleton, except it can change
  its shape
• Microtubules and microfilaments

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Centrioles

• Play a role in cell division
• Found only in animals and some protists

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Cilia and Flagella

• Used for locomotion
• Not found on all cells