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Study of Localization problem with Sensor Networks

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Title: Study of Localization problem with Sensor Networks


1
Study of Localization problem with Sensor
Networks
  • By
  • Jayanth Patil
  • Ganesh Godavari

2
Localization
  • Localization The process of determining or
    marking the location or site
  • Why is Localization a tough problem
  • ubiquitous computing requires high security and
    high resolution indoors (MIT CRICKET)
  • military planning requires high security and low
    resolution outdoors .
  • Problem goals changes from one scenario to another

3
Localization for Sensor Networks
  • Sensor networks generally require
  • low security and low resolution
  • assume minimal infrastructure, hardware and
    deployment-time overhead.
  • Problem complexity increases?

4
Related Work
  • Calamari Univ. of Berkeley
  • aims to explore the space of localization
    solutions in the sensor network domain
  • tries to give each sensor node in an ad-hoc
    wireless sensor network an (x,y) coordinate with
    respect to some known coordinate system.
  • http//www.cs.berkeley.edu/kamin/calamari/

5
Mobi Loc
  • Mobility Enhanced Localization Univ. of
    Berkeley
  • aims to study relationship between mobility,
    navigation, and localization in the context of
    wireless sensor networks and mobile objects.
  • http//www.eecs.berkeley.edu/prabal/projects/cs29
    4-1/

6
Localization Questions
  • How to determine where the object is ?
  • Need some reference object to determine.
  • How to measure how far is the object ?
  • Use radio signal strength, Round Trip Time
  • Is the radio signal strength or RTT a good
    measure?
  • No Disruptive forces of Nature

7
Signal Strength vs. Distance
8
Noise Vs. Distance
9
How to determine Where the object is ?
  • Existing technologies
  • Global Positioning System
  • Designed for outdoor localization
  • High power consumption
  • Provides about 2-3 meter resolution
  • Not suitable for sensor networks
  • Cricket
  • Used for Ubiquitous computing.
  • Passive listeners self localization
  • Not scalable for ad-hoc needs

10
Contd..
  • AHLoS under development _at_ UCLA
  • Similar to cricket but uses Ultra sound
  • Millibots
  • Miniature robots
  • Use Leap Frog approach
  • Uses centralized approach, group leader
  • Not feasible for large ad-hoc deployment.

11
Lessons Learned
  • Could not get calamari to work
  • Calamari needs a separate ultrasonic transciever
    board.
  • Looked into calamari project and learnt a lot
    about tinyos, mica nodes
  • Currently working on repeating the testing of
    radio signal strength with distance

12
References
  • This document is prepared based on the thesis
    work done by Cameron Dean Whitehouse,
  • All information presented here is taken from
    http//www.cs.berkeley.edu/kamin/calamari/
  • The authors claim no right. All quoted
    products/work belong to the respective companies
    working on it.
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