Chapter 14 : Classification of Organisms

1
Chapter 14 Classification of Organisms

• Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying
  organisms.
• In this chapter you will learn about the
  classification system of organisms, as well as
  how to identify the scientific name of organisms.

2
Scientific Names

• Every known organisms is given a scientific
  name. These names are in latin and represent the
  genus and species of the organism.
• Using two names to identify an organism is known
  as binomial nomenclature.

3
Scientific Names

• A scientific name capitilizes the genus and lower
  case is used for the species. Both the genus and
  species are written in italics.
• Homo sapiens - you

4
Classifying Organisms

• Carl Linnaeus arranged for a system of
  classifying organisms which uses different groups
  or taxa.
• The form and structure of an organism is used to
  determine to which groups or taxa it belongs to.

5
Groups Domain

• All living things are grouped into one of three
  domains
• Archaea prokaryotic
• Bacteria prokaryotic
• Eukarya eukaryotic cells

Archaea bacteria which live in extreme
environments
6
Groups

• The following are the modern groups in which
  organisms are classified into
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

7
Kingdoms

• There Eukarya Domain is divided into 4 Kingdoms
• Animalia animals
• Plantae plants
• Fungi mushrooms, etc.
• Protozoans/algae small organisms

protozoans
8
Kingdom Animalia

• The animal kingdom is divided into 9 smaller
  groups called phylas.
• Each phyla is divided into groups called classes.
• Classes are divided into smaller groups called
  orders, orders divided into families, families
  into genuss, and finally the species.

9
Classification

• Organisms are then classified based upon their
  structures and similarities.
• The species is the basic unit of classification.

10
How Biologists Classify

• Biologists define a species as a group of natural
  interbreeding populations.
• Species are classified as to their cellular
  structure, and overall structure, as well as
  their populations.

11
Classification Criteria

• Classification of a species also uses its
  evolutionary history (phylogeny).
• Cladistics is a method of analysis of similar
  species in the past. A cladogram compares similar
  species and changes from the fossil record of the
  past.