Pollution Prevention Strategies

1
Pollution Prevention Strategies

• Critical Control Points
• Critical Limits of Manure Handling

2
Instructional Overheads Format

• First major point
• Second major point
• Third major point

3
Purpose of the PollutionPrevention Strategies
Module

• Helps producers
• Understand environmental hazards of manure
  handling.
• Identify critical control points.
• Develop format for regular monitoring.
• Third party evaluation
• Education/certification
• Improve public image

4
Principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control
Points

• Identify hazards.
• Find critical control points.
• Establish critical limits.
• Monitor.
• Take corrective action if critical limits are
  exceeded.
• Verify that the HACCP plan is working.
• Keep records on each critical control point.

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Hazards of Manure Handling

• More nutrients than the crop can utilize.
• Too close to waterways, wells, etc.
• Application on frozen ground.
• Too far in advance of crop.
• Leakage or discharge.

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 1 -
Manure Generation

• Number and size of pigs
• Water usageNote Actual storage time may
  differ from projections.

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 1 -
Manure Generation
Phase-of-Production Method for Estimating Manure
Output Phase No. Gal/day Total
Gal Nursery 800 X .4 320 Grow-Fin 1900 X 1.5 2850
Sow/litter 40 X 5.0 200 Gest sow 210 X 1.5 315 Boa
r 13 X 1.9 25 Total 3710
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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 1 -
Manure Generation
Animal-Units Method for Estimating Manure
Output Phase No. Weight, lb Total lb,
K Nursery 800 X 30 24 Grow-Fin 1900 X 140 266 Sow/
litter 40 X 500 20 Gest sow 210 X 375 79 Boar 13 X
500 6 Total 395 Total wt 395,000 lbs
395 animal units 395 X 9 gal/animal unit 3555
gal/day
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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 1 -
Manure Generation
Application-Records Method for Estimating Manure
Output Phase No loads Volume, gal Total Gal,
K Nursery 58 X 2000 116 Grow-Fin 520 X 2000 1,040
Sow/litter 37 X 2000 74 Gest sow 62 X 2000 124 To
tal 699 X 2000 1,354
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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 1 -
Manure Generation

• Water usage contributes to manure output.
• Check flow rate in every waterer adjust as
  needed.
• Consider adding a water meter to the main line.

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 1 -
Manure Generation

• Rainfall contributes to manure volume.
• Outside manure storages are affected by rainfall
  and evaporation.
• Consider recent rainfall when monitoring manure
  storage levels.

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 1 -
Manure Generation

• Critical limits
• Monitor your manure output and compare it to
  calculated values.
• Excess output is not an environmental threat.
  Manure spreading costs are increased.

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 2 -
Manure Storage

• Integrity
• Remaining capacity

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 2 -
Manure Storage

• Critical limits
• Integrity
• Remaining capacity

15
Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 3 -
Manure Transportation

• Conventional spreader
• Recycle system
• Irrigation

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 4 -
Manure Application

• Rate - match to crop needs, soil and manure
  tests.
• Method - incorporate or inject whenever possible.
• Timing - just before crops require nutrients.
• Run off - be cautious in high risk areas (on
  steep slopes, near ditches, and water sources).

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 4 -
Manure Application

• Weather conditions - rainfall, wind, temperature,
  humidity.
• Utilization - be certain the crop can utilize all
  the nutrients.
• Depth to ground water - be cautious with high
  water table.
• Application log - where, when, rate, etc.

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Critical Control Points/Critical LimitsCCP 4 -
Manure Application

• Application rate
• Application method
• Potential for runoff

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Pollution Prevention Strategies

• Monitoring the Plan,
• Taking Corrective Action,
• Maintaining Records

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Monitor, Correct, Document

• Monthly checklist
• Manure application checklist and log
• Annual checklist

21
Monthly Checklist

• Keep track of manure output.
• Monitor change in manure levels in storage.
• Check storage for structural integrity and leaks.

22
Manure Application Checklist Log

• Check recycle/irrigation systems.
• Check manure spreading equipment.
• Apply manure according to plan.

23
Manure Application Checklist Log

• Important notations
• Date and time
• Field ID
• Source and quality
• Application rate and number of loads
• Wind direction

24
Annual Checklist Log

• Manure storage okay
• Manure spreading equipment/transport equipment
  okay.
• Manure application according to plan
• Well tests documented
• Records kept for manure application and soil and
  manure analysis.

25
Pollution Prevention Strategies

• Emergency Action Plan

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The Emergency Action Plan

• Step-by-step process
• Recognize and assess problem.
• Notify authorities.
• Enlist help.
• Take corrective action.
• Make a stand.

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The Emergency Action Plan

• How to develop the plan - Part I
• What types of emergencies are possible?
• Consider drainage patterns from your farm.
• Manager on duty can often correct minor problems.
• For major emergency, use a response team leader.

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The Emergency Action Plan

• How to develop the plan - Part II
• Consider the people who could offer assistance.
• What type of equpment will you need?
• Get access agreements to enter neighboring
  properties.
• Write the plan down and put it by the phone.

29
Verification - Your Strategies Are Working

• Implement a monthly and annual checklist.
• Implement a manure checklist and log.
• Conduct a third-party evaluation.

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Pollution Prevention Strategies

• Third Party Evaluation

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Third Party Evaluation

• Purposes
• Evaluation from someone outside the operation.
• Compare your practices to industry standards.
• Opportunity to certify operation.
• Good educational setting.

32
Preparing for the Evaluation

• Have these records available
• Water usage and rainfall
• Records of equipment maintenance and inspection
• Nutrient management plan, crop records, manure
  application logs
• Lab tests of wells, soil, manure
• Emergency action plan

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Conducting the Evaluation

• How you address
• Manure generation
• Manure storage
• Manure transportation
• Manure application

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Each Evaluation Factor

• Supporting comment
• Range of answers and appropriate scores

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A Typical Question

• Do you have a current nutrient management plan?
  (10 points)
• Supporting comment - A nutrient management plan
  specifies the application rate per acre based on
  type of crops and anticipated yields.
• Range of answers with scores in ( )
• (0) No plan
• (3) Unwritten plan, but reasonable approach
• (5) Written plan, not followed completely
• (10) Written plan implemented and updated

36
Certification Process
340 points possible 272 suggested for
certification

• Scores for each question are recorded on a carbon
  data sheet.
• Producer and evaluator keep a copy.
• If point minimum is met, state organization may
  consider mailing certificate to producer.

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Pollution Prevention Strategies

• Program Summary

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Summary

• Why this program will work for you
• Helps you organize your strategy.
• Supplies ready-to-use forms.
• Will help our industry step up to a new level of
  implementation.
• Provides a valid certification process.

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The Bottom Line -Develop Your Strategies

• Once a month - monitor generation storage.
• When you apply manure - write it down.
• Once a year - review and update.