Purposes of Health Professional

1
Purposes of Health Professional

• Educate
• Benefits of physical activity
• Dos and donts of exercise
• screen and evaluate
• testing
• design programs
• lead exercise classes
• analyze client performance
• motivate

2
Components of Physical Fitness

• cardiorespiratory endurance
• musculoskeletal fitness
• body composition
• flexibility
• neuromuscular relaxation

3
Purposes of Physical Fitness Testing

• Develop physical fitness profiles
• Identify strengths and weakness
• Set realist and attainable goals
• Make accurate and precise exercise RX
• Evaluate progress

4
Testing Order and Testing environment

• resting blood pressure and heart rate
• body composition
• cardiorespiratory endurance muscular fitness
• flexibility
• Room (70-74 degrees controlled relative
  humidity privacy

5
Test Validity, Reliability, and Objectivity

• Validity
• Reference or Criterion
• direct measures
• indirect measures
• prediction errors
• validity coefficient .80 or greater
• reliability coefficient .90 or greater
• objectivity coefficient

6
Evaluation Prediction equation

• What criterion measure used to base prediction
  equation?
• How large a sample?
• What is the R and SEE
• What population is equation based on?
• How are the variables measured?
• Was the equation cross-validated?
• Do the Rs and SEEs of original and cross
  validation study seem Comparable?

7
Pretest Instructions

• Wear comfortable clothing
• Drink plenty of fluids prior to testing 24hr
  period
• Refrain from eating, smoking, and drinking or
  caffeine for 3 hrs
• Do not engage in strenuous physical activity the
  day of the test
• Get adequate sleep the night before

8
Test Administration and Interpretation

• Administration
• Practice, Practice, Practice
• Interpretation
• Compare clients fitness to established norms
• Use lay language to explain results
• Be positive when relaying results
• Dont be intimidating

9
Basic Principle for Exercise Program Design

• Specificity of training
• Overload Principle
• Principle of Progression
• Principle of initial Values
• Principle of Interindividual Variability
• Principle of Diminishing Returns
• Principle of Reversibility

10
Basic Elements of Exercise Prescription

• Mode
• Intensity
• Duration
• Intensity
• Frequency
• Progression
• initial
• improvement
• maintenance

11
Cardiorespiratory Fitness

• VO2max (L/min,ml/min, or ml/kg/min)
• the capacity of the heart, lungs and blood to
  transport oxygen to the working muscles , and
• the utilization of oxygen by the muscles during
  exercise

12
Stages of Progression in the Exercise Program

• Initial stage
• 4-6 weeks
• Start slow get duration up first
• Improvement stage
• 4 to 5 months
• Progression until meet fitness goal
• Maintenance stage

13
Exericse Program Adherence

• 3 of every 5 in U.S. not getting recommended
  amount of physical activity
• 25 no physical activity
• Of those starting exercise programs 50 will drop
  out within one year
• We must help develop a positive attitude toward
  physical activity
• Help client make a commitment

14
Factors Related to Exercise Program Adherence

• Biological Factors
• Psychological Factors
• Social Factors
• Behavioral Factors
• Program Factors

15
Critical factors characterizing exercise program
dropouts

• Overweight
• Low self-motivation
• Anxiety about exercise
• Lack of spousal support
• The feeling that the exercise facility is
  inconvenient
• Perception that exercise intensity too high
• Lack of social support during and after exercise

16
Theories of Behavior Change

• Behavior Modification Theory
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Stages of Readiness Theory

17
Maximal Vs. Submaximal Test

• Max tests are
• expensive
• uncomfortable
• need high tester motivation
• submaximal
• predict or estimate max from data
• use heart rate
• less expensive
• more error

18
Assumptions of Submaximal Exercise Test

• We assume steady state heart rate at each
  intensity
• Assume linear response of heart rate, oxygen
  uptake and work intensity
• Mechanical efficiency
• Assume age predicted HRmax is clients actual
  heart rate