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The Middle East

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Title: The Middle East


1
The Middle East
2
3 Abrahamic Religions
  • Judaism
  • Christianity
  • Islam
  • All 3 religions have sacred ties to the city of
    Jerusalem in Israel.
  • Monotheistic (belief in one God instead of
    many gods

3
Judaism
  • Judaism is about 3200 years old
  • followers called Jews
  • basic laws, teachings, and history of the Jewish
    people are recorded in the Torah
  • religious center is in city of Jerusalem in
    Israel
  • Worship at Temples (or Synagogues)

4
Judaism
  • The land of Palestine is considered to be the
    specific land promised to the Jewish people by
    God
  • Centuries of invasions of Palestine have spread
    the Jewish people around the world

5
Ancient Israel
  • Jews forced to leave ancient Israel
  • Romans destroyed Jewish Temple
  • Jews dispersed throughout the Roman Empire
  • Diaspora

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eligion/maps/art/jewish.gif
6
Judaism
  • The wailing wall in Jerusalem is one of the
    holiest places for Jews
  • It is part of the remains of the Great Temple
    that once dominated Jerusalem and was destroyed
    by the Romans in the year 70

7
The Jewish World
  • The country with the highest Jewish percentage is
    Israel

8
Christianity
  • Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
  • Believed to be the Son of God
  • The teachings of Jesus were spread throughout the
    Roman Empire by a converted Jew named Paul
  • Paul wrote letters to converted communities
    teaching them how to be a Christian

9
Christianity
  • The story of Jesus life and teachings are
    recorded in The Holy Bible
  • The Old Testament of The Holy Bible is actually
    the Torah of Judaism
  • The life of Jesus is called The New Testament

10
Christianity
  • Christianity started with the birth of Jesus.
  • It grew following the execution of Jesus in the
    year 33.
  • The years used on the modern calendar begin
    roughly with the birth of Jesus thought to be in
    the year 1, but really in the year 4 BC
  • Christianity is the largest religion on Earth
    with 2 billion followers

11
Christianity
  • 3 major branchesCatholic, Eastern Orthodox, and
    Protestant.

12
The Christian World
  • Most common in the Americas, Europe, Sub-Saharan
    Africa, and Australia

13
Islam
  • Based on revelations made to Muhammad by the
    angel Gabriel from god (Allah)in the year 613
  • Muhammad was from the city of Mecca in the
    Arabian Peninsula

14
Islam
  • Muhammad is considered to be the last and most
    important of 25 prophets people who have
    received instruction from god
  • Prophets include Abraham, Noah, Moses, and Jesus
  • The revelations of the prophets are recorded in
    the Holy Quran (Koran)

15
  • Islam has united the people of the Arabian
    Peninsula
  • Five Pillars of Islam
  • Basic duties of all converts to Islam

16
  • a. FAITH all believers must testify that There
    is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his
    prophet.
  • b. PRAYER Five times a day, Muslims face holy
    city of Mecca to pray.

17
  • c. CHARITY have the responsibility to give to
    the less fortunate
  • d. FASTING month of Ramadan, Muslims dont eat
    or drink between sunrise and sunset. Sign of
    self control and humility.

18
  • e. PILGRIMAGE expected to make a pilgrimage
    (hajj) to Mecca at least once during their
    lifetime.

19
Islam
  • Jerusalem is the third most holy city in Islam as
    the place Muhammad ascended to heaven (Dome of
    the Rock)
  • Following Muhammad's death in 632 followers split
    into two factions Shiite and Sunni

20
Islam
  • Sunni- Muslims who accepted Abu Bakr (Muhammad's
    father-in-law) as Muhammad's successor
  • Shiite- Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin Ali,
    whom the Shia believe to be Muhammad's successor
  • Shia Muslims believe that
    only a descendant of the
    Prophet Muhammad is
    able to be the leader
    of all
    Muslims

21
Monotheism
  • Belief in one God
  • Jews, Christians, and Muslims are Monotheists

22
The Muslim World
  • Most common in the middle east and central Asia
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