Late 19c Urbanization

1
Urbanization As Seen Through Late 19c - Early
20c Architecture
2
Characteristics of UrbanizationDuring the Gilded
Age

1. Megalopolis.
2. Mass Transit.
3. Magnet for economic and social opportunities.
4. Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner
   outer core
5. New frontier of opportunity for women.
6. Squalid living conditions for many.
7. Political machines.
8. Ethnic neighborhoods.

3
NewUse ofSpace
NewClassDiversity
NewArchitectural Style
New Energy
NewSymbols ofChange Progress
The City as a New Frontier?
New Culture(Melting Pot)
Make a NewStart
New Form ofClassic RuggedIndividualism
New Levels of Crime, Violence, Corruption
4
CHICAGO "The Windy City"
5
William Le Baron Jenney

• 1832 1907
• Father of the ModernSkyscraper

6
W. Le Baron Jenney CentralY.M.C.A., Chicago,
1891
7
Louis Sullivan

• 1856 1924
• The ChicagoSchool ofArchitecture
• Form followsfunction!

8
Louis Sullivan Bayard Bldg., NYC,
1897
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Louis Sullivan Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept.
Store, Chicago, 1899
10
D. H. Burnham

• 1846 1912
• Use of steelas a superstructure.

11
DH Burnham Fisher Apt. Bldg, Chicago, 1896
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D. H. Burnham Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902
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DH Burnham Railway Exchange, Chicago, 1904
14
Frank Lloyd Wright

• 1869 1959
• Prairie HouseSchool of Architecture
• OrganicArchitecture
• Function follows form!

15
Frank Lloyd WrightAllen-Lamb House, 1915
16
Frank Lloyd WrightHollyhock House Los
Angeles, 1917
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Frank Lloyd WrightFalling Waters, 1936
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Interior of Falling Waters
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F. L. Wright Furniture
20
F. L. Wright Glass Screens
Prairie wheat patterns.
21
Frank Lloyd WrightSusan Lawrence Dana House,
Springfield, IL - 1902
22
Frank Lloyd WrightJohnson Wax Bldg. Racine,
WI, 1936
23
Frank Lloyd WrightGuggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959
24
NEW YORK CITY "Gotham"
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New York City Architectural Style1870s-1910s

1. The style was less innovative thanin Chicago.
2. NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago.
3. Most major business firms had their headquarters
   in NYC ? their bldgs. became logos for their
   companies.
4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in
   Chicago.

26
Western Union Bldg,. NYC - 1875
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ManhattanLifeInsurance Bldg.NYC - 1893
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SingerBuilding NYC - 1902
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Woolworth Bldg.NYC - 1911
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FlatironBuilding NYC 1902 D. H. Burnham
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Grand Central Station, 1913
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John A. RoeblingThe Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
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John A. RoeblingThe Brooklyn Bridge, 1913
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Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste
Bartholdi)
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Dumbell Tenement
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Dumbell Tenement, NYC
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Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lived(1890)
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Tenement Slum Living
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Lodgers Huddled Together
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Tenement Slum Living
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Struggling Immigrant Families
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Mulberry Street Little Italy
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St. Patricks Cathedral
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Hester Street Jewish Section
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1900RoshHashanahGreetingCard
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Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC
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Urban Growth 1870 - 1900