Chapter 2, Section 1 Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

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DO NOW

1. Hand in lab.
2. Go over your Chapter 2 test. Any question?
3. Note Change in due date of rock book.
4. Whats the diff between a rock and amineral?

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Rocks

• Rock - a solid mixture of one or more minerals.

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Rocks

• They can be classified by observing their
• Characteristics
• Properties

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The Rock Cycle

• The rocks in the Earth are constantly
• changing in their
• Shape
• Composition.
• This process is known as the rock
• cycle.

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The Rock Cycle

• The way a rock changes determines
• its type.
• There are 3 main types of rocks
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic

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Sedimentary Rocks
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Sedimentary rocks are classified by the way they
are formed.

1. Clastic- made from fragments of rocks and other
   minerals
2. Organic- forms from the remains of once living
   things
3. Chemical- forms from solutions of minerals and
   water

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• Clastic Sedimentary Rock
• Erosion
• Deposition
• Compaction

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CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK

• Clastic sedimentary rocks made of grains of
  sediment and pebbles that flow from the mountain
  and settle down into a water body. Overtime as
  the layers build up, they are compacted into a
  cement like form.
• Formed at or near Earths surface without heat or
  pressure.

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CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK

• Made from pieces of rocks or other minerals that
  are cemented and compacted together into layers
  called strata.
• The way in which layers are formed is called
  sedimentation or layering.

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Formation of Clastic Sedimentary Rock
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Breccia
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Sandstone
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Conglomerate
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Shale
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Chert
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ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK

• Formed from the remains of living things
• Pearls
• Coal
• Sea shells
• Fossils
• Coral

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Coal
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CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK

• Formed from solutions of minerals and water
• Halite (salt)

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Metamorphic Rock
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• Metamorphic Rock
• When pieces of the Earth move, sometimes large
  pieces of rock are forced downward.
• Rocks change chemically due to the intense heat
  and pressure.

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Formation of Metamorphic Rock
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS are classified by how they
change

• 1.) Contact Metamophism- when rock comes in
  contact with heat and changes the surrounding
  rock
• 2.) Regional Metamorphism- occurs when a lot of
  pressure builds up or when large pieces of the
  Earth move.

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METAMORPHIC ROCKS are also classified by their
TEXTURE

• Foliated- mineral grains are arranged in stripes
  or bands.
• Nonfoliated- mineral grains are not arranged in
  planes or bands

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Amphibolite
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Hornfels
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Marble
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Igneous
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• Igenous rocks form as magma rises to Earths
  crust and cools.
• Magma when rock melts or partially melts
  underground.
• Lava melted rock above ground

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Formation of Igneous Rock
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Igneous Rocks can be classified by texture

• Fine-grained contains small particles that are
  formed when magma or lava cools quickly
• Medium-grained contains average sized particles
• Coarse-grained contains large particles, cools
  slowly

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Igneous Rocks are classified by their composition

• Felsic- lighter colored
• Mafic- dark colored

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IGNEOUS ROCKS can be classified by where they form

• Intrusive when magma cools below Earths
  surface
• Ex. Plutons- large balloon shaped structures
• Ex. Pegmatites tear drop shaped
• Extrusive- igneous rock formed at the surface of
  the Earth

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Basalt
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Diorite
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Gabbro
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Granite
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Rhyolite
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Scoria
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3 types of rocks How are they formed? Sub-categories?



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