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Triumph of Parliament in England

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Triumph of Parliament in England The Tudors Ruled from 1485-1603 Henry VIII Elizabeth I Believed in divine right, but recognized the value of good relations w ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Triumph of Parliament in England


1
Triumph of Parliament in England
2
The Tudors
  • Ruled from 1485-1603
  • Henry VIII
  • Elizabeth I
  • Believed in divine right, but recognized the
    value of good relations w/ Parliament
  • Elizabeths skill in handling Parliament made her
    a popular successful ruler

3
The Stuarts
  • Repeatedly clashed with Parliament
  • James I
  • Belief in divine right- I will not be content
    that my power be disputed on
  • Had disputes with dissenters- Protestants who
    differed with the Church of England
  • King James version of bible

4
The Stuarts
  • Charles I
  • Son of James I, behaved like an absolute monarch
  • Dissolved Parliament and ruled without it for 11
    years
  • Parliament launched its own revolt
  • Executed Charles chief ministers
  • Declared that Parliament could not be dissolved
    without its own consent

5
The English Civil War
  • Posed a major challenge to absolutism
  • Supporters of Charles I Cavaliers
  • Well-trained
  • Wealthy nobles
  • Supporters of ParliamentRoundheads
  • Country gentry, manufacturers, Puritans
  • Leader Oliver Cromwell
  • Defeated the Cavaliers

6
The English Civil War
  • Parliament set up a court to put the king on
    trial
  • Condemned him to death as a tyrant, traitor,
    murderer and public enemy
  • Charles I beheaded
  • For the first time, king had been tried
    executed by his own people
  • Parliament sent clear signal that no ruler could
    claim absolute power ignore the law

7
The Commonwealth
  • England was declared a republic called the
    Commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver
    Cromwell
  • Abolished monarchy Church of England
  • Exiled Catholics ruled a Puritan society
  • Closed all theaters, Sundayreligious observance
    no dancing, gambling or taverns
  • Cromwell dies, end of Commonwealth
  • Charles II takes the throne

8
The Glorious Revolution
  • Charles welcomed back restored monarchy, Church
    of England reopened theaters taverns
  • But Charles brother James II inherited the
    throne- less popular ruler (Catholic)
  • Glorious Revolution- James protestant daughter
    Mary her husband William of Orange invited to
    become rulers of England. James fled bloodless
    overthrow
  • Established Limited Monarchy- monarchs powers
    are limited by constitution or legislative body
  • Radical, considering absolute monarchies
    elsewhere in Europe

9
English Bill of Rights
  • Ensured superiority of Parliament over the
    monarchy
  • Required the monarch to summon Parliament
    regularly
  • Restated traditional rights of English citizens
  • Established habeas corpus- no person could be
    held in prison without first being charged with a
    specific crime
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