Title: LESSONS%20LEARNED%20FROM%20PAST%20NOTABLE%20DISASTERS%20RUSSIA%20PART%201:%20FLOODS
1LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE
DISASTERSRUSSIAPART 1 FLOODS
- Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
2NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN
RUSSIA
FLOODS
GOAL PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER
RESILIENT
WILDFIRES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
3Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters
- Planet Earths atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospher
ic interactions cause - FLOODS
4RUSSIA
5Russia, the largest country in the world, and the
only one surrounded by twelve seas and spread out
on two continents, has many communities that are
at risk from riverine flooding, flash floods, and
floods from windstorms.
6RUSSIAS RIVERS AMONG THE IMPORTANT RIVERS OF
THE WORLD
7RUSSIAS RIVERS
8RUSSIA HAS MANY RIVERS THAT HAVE EXPERIENCED
FLOODING
- Russias rivers in Europe include the Volga,
the Don, the Kama, the Oka, and the Northern
Dvina. - In Asia, Russias rivers include the Ob, the
Irtysh, the Yenisev, the Angara, the Lena, the
Amur, the Yana, the Indiqirka, and the Kolyma.
9ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER
10ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK
RISK
11FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
- TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE
SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED NORMALLY IN THE
REGIONAL WATER CYCLE - EROSION
- SCOUR
- MUDFLOWS
12THE VOLGA, MOTHER VOLGA, IS EUROPES LONGEST
RIVER
13FLOOD ON THE VOLGA APRIL 2012
14THE FLOOD HAZARDSARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
15A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE POTENTIAL
DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH RUSSIAS
COMMUNITIES
16CAUSES OF RISK
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
FLOODS
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
CASE HISTORIES
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
17A DISASTER is ---
- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the
capability of a community to respond without
external help when three continuums 1) people,
2) community (i.e., a set of habitats,
livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3)
complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,..)
intersect at a point in space and time.
18Disasters are caused by single- or
multiple-event natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), cause extreme levels of
mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness,
economic losses, or environmental impacts.
19THE REASONS ARE . . .
- When it does happen, the functions of the
communitys buildings and infrastructure will be
LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the
appropriate codes and standards.
20THE REASONS ARE . . .
- The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely
happen, not to mention the low-probability of
occurrencehigh-probability of adverse
consequences event.
21THE REASONS ARE . . .
- The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO
or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic
framework for early threat identification and
coordinated local, national, regional, and
international countermeasures.
22THE REASONS ARE . . .
- The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in
a timely manner to the full spectrum of expected
and unexpected emergency situations.
23THE REASONS ARE . . .
- The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and
reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from
either the current experience or the cumulative
prior experiences.
24FLOODS IN RUSSIAMARCH 2010
- SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES
FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA
25Prime Minister Vladimir Putin warned that
thousands of Russian towns and villages could be
affected by "unusually strong" spring floods as
record snowfall melted after the harshest winter
in years.
26Military planes and helicopters were called in to
help cope with floods in the basins of the Ob,
Angara, Yenisei, Lena and Amur Rivers by carrying
out surveillance missions and breaking up ice
jams.
272012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
28JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
- The 2012 Russian floods occurred in Krasnodar
Krai (southwest Russia near the coast of the
Black sea as the result of the equivalent of five
months of rain (275 mm (10 inches) falling
overnight.
29JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
- 144 people died during the floods.
- The floods damaged the homes of nearly 13,000
people.
30JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
- Approximately 30,000 people were adversely
impacted by the floods.
31JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD
32JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD
33RECORD FLOODING ALONG AMUR RIVER NEAR KHABAROVSK,
RUSSIAAugust 23, 2013
34LOCATION MAP
35RECORD FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA
- The water in the Amur River near Khabarovsk
reached 720 cm (24 ft), exceeding the historic
level of 642 cm set during the flood of 1897 over
a century ago.
36RUSSIAS AMUR RIVER
37PREPARING FOR A RECORD CREST OF THE AMUR RIVER
38BUT . . . , THE RAIN AND RUNOFF AFTER A
DIMINISHED SUPER TYPHOON UTOR MADE LANDFALL IN
CHINA EXACERBATED FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA
39TYPHOON UTOR AUGUST 14
40IMPACTS IN RUSSIA
- The flooding devastated the homes of more than 31
thousand people, and adversely affected more than
21 million people in various ways. - More than 15 thousand people were evacuated.
- Economic losses exceeded 3 billion rubles.
41HEALTH CARE CONCERNS
- As flooding conditions worsened, unfavorable
sanitary and epidemiological conditions developed
throughout the area, exacerbating the risk of
water-borne diseases. - The flooding also created an urgent need for safe
drinking water.
42INUNDATION
43WITH ITS MANY RIVERS,RUSSIAS NEXT FLOOD IS
INEVITABLE
- ---SO, DONT WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE
IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT.
44THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER ISFLOOD
DISASTER RESILIENCE
45RUSSIAS COMMINITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN
UP AFTERSHOCKS
46DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
- PURPOSE
- PROTECTION
- THREAT IDENTIFICATION AND WARNING
- TECHNIQUE
- WETLANDS, RESERVOIRS, LEVEES, DAMS
- REMOTE SENSING
- COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
47LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
- ALL FLOODS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE
THREAT IDENTI-FICATION FOR SMART COUNTER-MEASURES
IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
48EXAMPLE OF FLOOD PROTECTION A DAM
49LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
- ALL FLOODS
- PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL THE LIKELY FLOOD HAZARDS
(E.G., HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL) IS ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
50LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
- ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
51DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
- PURPOSE
- DO NOT BUILD IN THE FLOODPLAIN
- FACILITATE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION
- TECHNIQUE
- URBAN PLANNING
- A FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAMME