Adaptations

1
Adaptations supporting policies for food
security and livelihoods
2
Based on.
3
Outline

• General types of adaptations needed
• An adaptation framework
• Win-win adaptations
• Supporting policies

4
Adaptations need

• To minimise and fill the gap

5
Adaptation decision framework
Addresses climate change
Long-term Loss
Long-term Gain
Lose-Lose X X Lose-Win
X Win-Win x X
Near-term Loss
Addresses present drivers
Win-Lose
Near-term Gain
After Grafton (2010)
6
Adaptations to minimise the gap
Avoid this
Avoid this
7
Win-win adaptations

• Manage and restore vegetation cover in catchments

Improves resilience of coral reef, mangrove and
seagrass habitats
8
Win-win adaptations

• Sustain production of fish stocks

Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure
replenishment and build resilience of key species
9
Adaptations to fill the gap
10
Win-win adaptations

• Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore
  Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)

11
Win-win adaptations
Improve post-harvest methods
Photo Jocelyn Carlin
12
Win-win adaptations
Develop pond aquaculture in rural and peri-urban
areas
Photo Ben Ponia
13
Win-win adaptations
Develop coastal fisheries for small pelagic
species
?
Photo Nathalie Behring
14
Other adaptations

• Provide for landward migration of coastal fish
  habitats

15
Other adaptations

• Reduce and diversify catches of demersal fish

Greater focus on herbivorous fish
16
Other adaptations

• Allow for expansion of freshwater fish habitats

17
Suggested supporting policies

• Strengthen governance of agriculture, forestry
  and mining practices to prevent soil loss and
  pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water
  quality
• Minimise barriers to migration of coastal and
  freshwater habitats
• Promote mangrove replanting programmes
• Apply primary fisheries management to coastal
  fisheries to maintain their potential for
  replenishment

18
Suggested supporting policies

• Restrict export of demersal fish to retain them
  for national food security
• Increase access to tuna for the food security by
  reducing national allocations to industrial
  fleets
• Capitalise on opportunities for freshwater pond
  aquaculture
• Limit farming of Nile tilapia to catchments where
  tilapia species are already established, or there
  is a shortage of fish

19
Key investments

• Surveys of best sites for installing inshore
  FADs
• Programmes to install and maintain FADs
• Identify prime locations for peri-urban and
  rural pond aquaculture
• Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles
• Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to
  develop fisheries around FADs expand pond
  aquaculture and scale-up post-harvest processing

20
Conclusions

• Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks
  and capitalise on opportunities
• Supporting policies and investments are needed
• Integrate adaptations and policies and
  investments into national strategies and action
  plans for climate change, including
  community-based actions supported by partners