early%2019c%20Industrialization%20in%20America

1
Early 19c Industrialization in America The
Market Revolution
2
The Northern Industrial "Juggernaut"
3
Americans vs. the British

• Britain was first to the gameand didnt want
  competition!
• Britain forbade the export of textile
  machineryand mechanics!to America.
• Samuel Slater sneaked out . . . (more to come)
• To compete, the U.S. passed the protective tariff
  of 1816 . . . And Francis Cabot Lowell helped the
  process along!

4
Samuel Slater Father of the Factory
System First spinning mill in RI, 1790
AKA Slater the Traitor ?
5
The Lowell/Waltham System --farm
girls?dormitories, cultural activities in the
evening, curfews, etc.
Francis Cabot Lowells town - 1814
6
Lowell in 1850 -40,000 girls working by 1830
7
Lowell Mill
8
Lowell Girls
9
New EnglandTextileCenters1830s
10
New England Dominance in Textiles
11
The Early Union Movement
Workingmans Party (1829) Founded by Robert
Dale Owen and others in New York City.

• Early unions were usually local, social, and weak.

12
New Inventions "Yankee Ingenuity"
13
Resourcefulness Experimentation

• Americans were willing to try anything.
• They were first copiers, theninnovators.

1800 ? 41 patents were approved. 1860 ? 4,357

14
Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin, 1791
15
Eli Whitneys Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts Rifle
16
OliverEvans
First automated flour mill
First prototype of the locomotive
17
John Deere the Steel Plow(1837)
18
Cyrus McCormick the Mechanical Reaper 1831
19
Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 Telegraph
20
Elias Howe Isaac Singer
1840sSewing Machine
21
The American Dream

• They all regarded material advance as the natural
  fruit of American republicanism proof of the
  countrys virtue and promise.

A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List,
observed
Anything new is quickly introduced here,
including all of the latest inventions. There is
no clinging to old ways. The moment an American
hears the word invention, he pricks up his ears.
22
The Transportation Revolution
23
Cumberland (National Road), 1811
24
Erie Canal System
25
Principal Canals in 1840
26
Robert Fulton the Steamboat
1807 The Clermont
27
The Iron Horse Wins! (1830)
1830 ? 13 miles of track built by Baltimore
Ohio RRBy 1850 ? 9000 mi. of RR track 1860 ?
31,000 mi.
28
TheRailroadRevolution,1850s

• Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs.
• Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

29
What's Happening in America by the 1850s?
30
Regional Specialization
EAST ? Industrial SOUTH ? Cotton Slavery WEST
? The Nations Breadbasket
31
Changing Occupation Distributions1820 - 1860
32
American Population Centers in 1820
33
American Population Centers in 1860
34
Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell
35
National Origin of Immigrants1820 - 1860
Why now?
36
American View of the Irish Immigrant
37
Distribution of Wealth

• During the American Revolution,45 of all wealth
  in the top 10 ofthe population.

• 1845 Boston ? top 4 owned over 65 of the
  wealth.

• 1860 Philadelphia ? top 1 owned over 50 of
  the wealth.

• The gap between rich and poor was widening!

38

• ? Reform Era
• Second Great Awakening
• Benevolent Empire
• Temperance Movement
• (To be discussed further in Ch. 11)