The Advent of the -Isms: Chap. 21

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The Advent of the -Isms Chap. 21

• Classical Economics, Socialism, Anarchism,
  Marxism

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Economic Liberalism / Classical Economics

• Natural economic forces need no govt.
  interference
• Govt responsible
• Security of state
• Protection of individual
• Public Works
• Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations
• Thomas Malthus, Essay on the Principle of
  Population
• David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy

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Thomas Malthus

• Essay on the Principle of Population
• Growth decline in population natural occurrence
• Population grows faster than food supply?
• Starvation ensues and/or nature steps in?
• Population decreases?
• Process repeats itself, ITS NATURES WAY!
• therefore governments or individuals should not
  try to interrupt this cycle

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David Ricardo

• Principles of Political Economy
• iron law of wages raising wages of working
  class actually does more harm than good
• Increased wages
• More food available
• More children
• More workers
• Triggers fall in wages
• Poverty starvation
• Decline in Population
• Triggers rise in wages
• Process begins again
• therefore manipulation of wages just perpetuates
  misery in the working class WE SHOULDNT
  INTERFERE!

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Utilitarianism

• Jeremy Bentham
• Scientific code based on utility greatest
  happiness for the greatest number
• Joseph II of Austria attempted to make this a
  reality
• Result rational government that was focused on
  justice
• Poor Law 1834 (England)
• Make poverty as undesirable as possible and
  people will do what it takes to not be poor.

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Utopian Socialism

• Utopian socialists
• Social equality
• Economic equality
• Against private property
• Cooperation prized over competition
• Saint-Simon, 1760-1825
• New Christianity, 1825
• Planned societies would improve the situation of
  the poor public ownership
• Equality between men and women

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Utopian Socialism

• Robert Owen, 1771-1858
• Cooperative environment healthy community
  success in New Lanark, Scotland
• New Harmony, Indiana, 1820s failed
• Nashoba, TN founded by Frances Wright, used
  slave labor - failed

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Utopian Socialism

• Fourier, 1772-1837
• Criticized middle-class life
• Criticized marriage customs
• Planned communities 1620 persons each -
  phalanxes (remember Utopia?)
• Rotation of work assignments
• Brook Farm (Boston, MA) 1840s
• Flora Tristan, 1803-1844
• Socialism feminism
• Absolute equality needed to insure freedom of
  working class and true change in society

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Utopian Socialism

• Louis Blanc, 1811-1882
• The Organization of Work, 1839
• Political reform needed
• Universal suffrage
• Workers political party
• Nationalize industry
• State finances industry but workers would own and
  operate factories
• Put an end to competition

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Anarchism

• All governments and existing social institutions
  are unnecessary and advocates a society based on
  voluntary cooperation
• Augsute Blanqui
• Must create a professional revolutionary
  vanguard
• Pierre Proudhon
• Society economics principle of mutualism
• Post 1850 violence more prevalent in Spain,
  Portugal, Italy, and Russia
• Tsar Alexander II of Russia President William
  McKinley of USA King Umberto I of Italy Empress
  Elizabeth of Austria-Hungary President Marie
  François Sadi Carnot of France

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