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Welcome to Ecology of Fishes Laboratory Zoology 511

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Title: Welcome to Ecology of Fishes Laboratory Zoology 511


1
Welcome to Ecology of Fishes LaboratoryZoology
511
2
What is a Fish?
  • Poikilothermic body temperature is identical to
    surrounding water
  • Chordates have developmental characteristics of
    all vertebrates
  • Appendages developed as fins
  • Chief respiratory organs are gills
  • Body generally covered with scales
  • A fish is an aquatic vertebrate with gills and
    with limbs in the shape of fins (Nelson 1994)
  • There are over 25,000 fish species, so there are
    exceptions to these general characteristics.

3
Fish vs. Fishes
This tank is full of fish.
The ocean is full of fishes.
4
How fish are named
Common name, Genus species
speckled perch, specks, papermouth, bachelor
perch, calico bass, strawberry bass, or white
perch.
5
Fish Ecology.?
Whats Ecology -is the study of the distribution
and abundance of living organisms and how the
distribution and abundance are affected by
interactions between the organisms and their
environment (Krebs).
6
  • In my analysis, the spectrum ranges from
    ichthyology (evolution, taxonomy, structure and
    function, and biogeography of fishes) fish
    biology (metabolism, energetics, tolerances
    sensory process, behavior, reproduction,
    age/growth principles, demography, etc.) fish
    ecology (generally relating fish to their biotic
    environment at the individual, population,
    community and ecosystem levels) fish assessment
    (I say fish, instead of fishery, because we
    sometimes need to assess non exploited
    populations) that includes sampling methods
    tagging, analysis of sampled data (e.g.
    population size or structure) fishery resources
    (global and regional fisheries and their
    economic, sociological values (commercial and
    recreational), gears, markets, etc. and finally
    fishery management (how to analyze fisheries
    (stock assessment, modeling, etc) and apply
    everything else to manage exploited or protected
    resources). PHEWWW!
  • An Excerpt from an email of Dr. Randy Edwards

7
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8
Some definitions of terms youll hear
  • Ichthyology (Fish biology) is the branch of
    zoology devoted to the study of fish.
  • Fishery A fishery (plural fisheries) is an
    organized effort by humans to catch fish or other
    aquatic species, an activity known as fishing.
  • Fisheries Management The effort to regulate
    where, when and how people fish, and how many
    fish they catch, to protect fish populations so
    that people can continue to fish.
  • Fisheries Science Think of fisheries science as
    all the math behind fisheries management. That
    is, how do you make informed decisions on how to
    regulate people to protect fish populations?
  • All of these are incorporated into fish ecology
    and fish ecology plays an important role in all
    of the above!

9
Anatomical terminology of a fish
Dorsal
Anterior
Lateral
Lateral
Posterior or caudal
Ventral
Conversely the mouth is anterior to the eye
10
Fins of a fish
Dorsal
Caudal
Pectoral
Anal
Pelvic
Pelvic
Pectoral
11
Bowfin (Amia calva)
Dorsal
Giant snakehead
12
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13
Fins spines vs. rays
Black Crappie
Bluegill
14
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15
Fish Scale Types
16
Fish Scale Types
17
Scutes on a sturgeon are a modification of scales
18
Mouth placement
superior
terminal
vs.
inferior
19
Premaxilla
Maxilla
20
Internal anatomy the basics that help
understand the ecology!
Stomach
Swim bladder
Liver
Heart
Intestine
Ovary
Fat deposits
21
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22
Gills and Gill Rakers
Gill filaments
Gill arch
Gill rakers
23
Ecology influences anatomy
24
Muskie
Walleye
Chinook Salmon
FISH WITH TEETH
Burbot
Not all Teeth are pointy! vomerine teeth
Longfinned Eel
25
Barbels nothing is easier to identify!!
Yellow Bullhead
Brown Bullhead
Burbot
Burbot
26
Oddballs Rostrum
27
Measure anatomy to do ecological studies
28
Enough lecture, lets look at some fish
29
Why in the do we have to do all this writing
in our fishes course?

  • Get lots of instruction on writingnot as much on
    scientific writing, what is the difference?
  • Importance of being able to express your
    thoughts, regardless of what career you choose
  • Research techniques are universal
  • If you go on in science, it is the only currency
    that matters?.......what do I mean by that?

30
Peer Review?

  • Criticism is importantconstructive criticism
    is best!
  • Two types Internal and External. Point of
    internal review is to make external review go
    well
  • When you are reviewing someone elses work think
    how you would want to be reviewed..You want to
    do the best job you canbut you dont want to be
    yelled at to do it!
  • You are going to do this for each other

31
The paper process

  • Observation or idea
  • It looks like every time we catch white suckers,
    we are sampling in a deeper portion of the
    stream?
  • I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is
    related to the biomass of trout species?
  • Develop Hypothesis
  • It looks like every time we catch white suckers,
    we are sampling in a deeper portion of the
    stream?
  • I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is
    related to the biomass of trout species?
  • Hit the literature
  • What does everyone else have to say about this

32
Where do you find information
  1. Web, Google and Google Scholar
  2. Online Databases
  3. Biological Abstracts
  4. ISI Web of Science

33
Hypothesis Testing
  • An educated guess or prediction about an
    experiment, behavior, outcome, relationship etc.
  • Statistical Terms
  • The null hypothesis (H0)
  • fish growth 1 fish growth 2
  • The alternative hypothesis (H1)
  • fish growth 1 ? fish growth 2

34
Order of a scientific paper (on paper)
  1. Title
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Methods study site, data analyses
  5. Results graphs, tables analyses
  6. Discussion
  7. Literature Cited

35
Order you write a scientific paper
  1. Observe or Read primary literature
  2. Results start with a picture, tell your story
  3. Discussion whats cool about your story, also
    relative to what other people found
  4. Methods what did you do to get your results
  5. Introduction background on what you found
  6. Abstract just the highlights
  7. Title make it work for your story
  8. Literature Cited

36
How to do the first step.....
  • Observe or Read primary literature
  • Use your fish from class

1. Web, Google and Google Scholar 2. Online
Databases Biological Abstracts ISI Web of
Science
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