ESSAYS

1
ESSAYSNOTHING CLINICAL AND NOTHING RELATING TO
PATHOLOGY NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES
2
Lecture 9b 19 March 2019 Non gi tract
catabolism of proteins Norepinephrine stress
hormone and neurotransmitter
3
beta-carotene-fat soluble Minerals in
metabolism and regulation of metabolism
4
Outline of lectures 9a,b Minerals    
Definition of minerals     Inorganic elements    
Body's handling of minerals     Variable
Bioavailability     Nutrient Interactions    
Varied roles     Class exercise
5
Outline of lectures 9a,b Major minerals        
Definition of major minerals     Inorganic
elements     Body's handling of minerals    
Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient
Interactions     Varied roles     Found in what
foods     Roles in metabolism including
regulation of metabolism     Class exercise
6
Outline of lectures 9a,b Minor minerals        
Definition of minor minerals     Inorganic
elements     Body's handling of minerals    
Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient
Interactions     Varied roles     Found in what
foods     Roles in metabolism including
regulation of metabolism     Class exercise
7
More detailed comments    
8
Minor minerals     Definition of minor
minerals             -present in body in amounts
less than 5 grams                              
                      
9
Minor minerals Inorganic elements  
    Iron                       
Zinc                       Iodine              
        Selenium                     
Copper                      Manganese            
           Fluoride                
      Chromium   Molybdenum
                                                 
  
10
Minor minerals Body's handling of
minerals                             -iron uses
carriers for absorption, transport and
proteins for storage- no free iron- oxidation
issue             -example of minor mineral
requiring no carriers or storage
proteins iodine         Variable
Bioavailability           -phytates reduce iron
absorption                                       
             
11
Minor minerals Nutrient Interactions        
-slight manganese overload may exacerbate
iron deficiency         -combined iodine and
selenium deficiency reduces thyroid hormone
function more than just iodine deficiency
alone Varied roles         -iron-oxygen
carrying         -zinc- part of
enzymes                                           
         
12
Minor minerals Iron                 -sources-red
meats, fish, poultry, shellfish, eggs,
legumes, dried fruits                
-metabolism- oxygen carrier                       
              -part of electron carriers in
electron transport chain                     
                               
13
Minor minerals Zinc      -sources-protein
containing foodsmeats fish, poultry, whole
grains, vegetables      -metabolism- part of
many enzymes                           -synthesis
of DNA/RNA                           -heme
synthesis                           -fatty acid
metabolism                           -release
hepatic stores of vitamin
A                           -carbohydrate
metabolism                           -synthesis
of proteins                           -dispose of
damaging free radicals                            
         -oxygen carrying                        
                            
14
Minor minerals Iodine      -sources-iodised
salt, seafood, bread,dairy products, plants
grown on iodine rich soil and animals
that eat such plants      -metabolism-
thyroid hormones-metabolic rate(rate of
oxygen use), body temperature                 
                                   
15

Minor minerals   Selenium         -sources-seafoo
d, meat, whole grains, and depending on soil
selenium content- vegetables         -metabolis
m- anti-oxidation (via enzyme)                    
          - regulates thyroid hormone
16

Minor minerals Copper         -sources-seafood,
nuts, whole grains, seeds, legumes         -m
etabolism- part of many enzymes all of which
have common feature of consuming oxygen or
oxygen radicals                 
                            -eg -hemoglobin
synthesis                                         
          -collagen synthesis                     
                              -free radical
control                                           
        -electron transport chain
17

Minor minerals Manganese               
-sources-nuts, whole grains, leafy
vegetables                 -metabolism-
essential for iron absorption and use in
formation of hemoglobin                     
                -part of several enzymes
18

Minor minerals Fluoride        -sources-fluorida
ted drinking water, tea, seafood        -meta
bolism- formation of bones and teeth,
resistance to tooth decay
19

Minor minerals Chromium               
-sources-meat, unrefined foods, fats,
vegetable oils                
-metabolism- enhancing insulin activity
20

Minor minerals Molybdenum               
-sources-legumes, cereals, organ
meats                 -metabolism- co-factor for
several enzymes
21

Found in what foods Roles in metabolism
including regulation of metabolism            
-degree of presence regulates function
22

Class exercise What is the relation between
source and metabolism for the minor minerals?
Give 5 examples.