USE OF GIS IN CENSUS MANAGEMENT AND MAPPING: THE KENYAN EXPERIENCE

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USE OF GIS IN CENSUS MANAGEMENT AND MAPPING THE
KENYAN EXPERIENCE

• Presented by
• Joseph Nyangaya Ndubi
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

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Introduction

• First census in Kenya was taken in 1948
• Followed by others in 1962, 1969, 1979, 1989 and
  1999
• From 1969 to date, Kenya has undertaken censuses
  after every 10 years

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Introduction

• The country is organized into 5 hierarchical
  levels of administration ranging from
• Provinces, Districts, Divisions, Locations and
  Sub Locations
• Villages are small units or entities within the
  sub location
• Villages form the basis upon which the
  Enumeration Areas (EAs) are created
• Census results are reported based on this
  arrangement

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Introduction

• Census maps first used in 1962 census
• In the rural areas, maps at medium and small
  scales were used
• In urban areas, large scale maps were used
• There was great improvement in the maps used from
  1979 to 1999
• Large to medium scale maps used in the
  agriculturally high potential areas
• Sparsely populated Arid and semi arid areas are
  covered on 125000 scale

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Introduction

• Importance of maps
• Assist to delineate the country into small
  manageable units or EAs
• Facilitate in assigning EAs to Enumerators
• Enable enumerators to plan their movement within
  the EA
• Help in budgeting
• Help in presenting the census results

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Introduction

• GIS first introduced in the 1999 census mapping
• Project was not very successful due to a number
  of constraints as explained latter in this
  presentation
• Census in Kenya is carried out under the
  Statistics Act
• The act empowers KNBS to carry out censuses and
  other Social Economic Sample Surveys for
  collecting data

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Kenya Administrative Provinces
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The 2009 Kenya Population Census

• Planning
• When planning for the 2009 Census, much was
  borrowed from the 1999 Census on determining the
  requirements for
• Personnel
• Materials
• Equipment

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The Census Geographic Frame

• Created based on
• The country hierarchical Administrative structure
• Has Provinces, Districts, Divisions, Locations
  and Sub Locations
• Semi official villages are small units within the
  sub locations
• EAs are created within the sub locations based on
  villages
• An EA has 49 to 150 households and must not cross
  the administrative boundaries.

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Census Geographic Frame

• Due to rapid population increase and change in
  settlement patterns, the government continuously
  reviews boundaries of administrative units
• Hence the need to update the administrative
  boundaries and create EAs prior to a census
• During mapping all the units to EA level are
  assigned unique identifiers or codes
• The codes help in data processing to manage
  census documents and thereafter, to retrieve and
  manipulate data

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Changes in the No. Administrative Units
Number of Administrative Units and EAs Number of Administrative Units and EAs Number of Administrative Units and EAs
Administrative Unit Administrator 1969 1979 1989 1999
Kenya President 1 1 1 1
Provinces Provincial Commissioner 8 8 8 8
Districts District Commissioner 41 41 45 69
Divisions District Officer 154 184 260 497
Locations Chief 567 618 1,099 2,427
Sub Locations Assistant Chiefs 2,410 3.111 3,553 6,612
Enumeration Areas 20,000 25,000 36,979 61,921
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Geographical Area Coding

• This is a process of assigning unique identifiers
  to all Administrative Units and the EAs
• The settlements are classified as either- Rural,
  Urban, peri Urban and formal or non formal
• The political units are also coded
• The Geo-coding should be sound
• Helps in retrieving, analyzing and manipulating
  data

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Geo-Coding Frame
Administrative Unit No of Digits Administrative Unit Codes
Province 2 Nyanza 06
District 2 Bondo 02
Division 2 Maranda 01
Location 2 Bondo Township 01
Sub Location 2 Ajigo 01
EA 4 Misinjiro 0043
Total 14 Complete EA Code 06020101010043
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2009 Pre-Census Activities

• 2009 Census Proposal Paper prepared and adopted
  by Government in July 2006 for implementation
• Planning for Cartographic Field mapping done
• An Inventory of existing materials and equipment
  taken
• List of required materials prepared
• Some of the items already procured
• Other items not yet procured

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Use GIS in Managing and Mapping the 2009 Census

• A review of the use of GIS in the 1999 Census
  made
• The constraints that hampered its success were
  identified as follows-
• Late Acquisition of the GIS facility
• Inadequate software user licenses
• Poor maintenance of the GIS facility
• High cost of maintenance contract
• Lack of adequate personnel with appropriate
  skills

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Use GIS in Managing and Mapping the 2009 Census
(Cont)

• But it was realized that GIS held great potential
  in solving some of the problems associated with
  lack of availability of current base maps with
  appropriate scales.
• Mapping the urban slum areas

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Use GIS in Managing and Mapping the 2009 Census
(Cont)

• So to address the above constraints the
  following have been undertaken-
• Training
• Upgrading of the GIS facility
• Maintenance Service Contract signed
• Integrated use of satellite images, Aerial
  photographs and GPS with conventional base maps

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Field mapping for 2009 census

• Implementation
• Preparation of mapping manuals
• Training of mapping assistants on
• Mapping of rural areas
• Numbering of EAs
• Mapping of urban areas

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Field mapping for 2009 census (Cont)

• Mapping of arid and semi arid areas
• Mapping of national parks, forests, and other
  special areas
• Composition of mapping teams

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Field mapping for 2009 census (Cont)

• Work Schedule up to June 2009
• Nyanza and Western provinces were supposed to
  have been covered but will now be completed by
  end of this October
• Work is already running behind schedule due
  to
• Delay in disbursement of funds
• Lack of vehicles sufficient vehicles
• Delay in obtaining imageries for the urban areas

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Data capture, map preparation and production

• The process is on going but pace has been slow
• The personnel carrying out field mapping are also
  engaged in map preparation
• More staff to be hired to hasten the process

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Printing, Packaging and dispatch

• Printing, Packaging and dispatch of final maps
  will be done starting early 2009

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Field mapping for 2009 census

• T H A N K Y O U