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A Global Conflict

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Title: A Global Conflict


1
A Global Conflict
  • Chapter 13, Section 3

2
Introduction
  • World War I was much more than a European
    conflict. Australia and Japan, for example,
    entered the war on the Allies side, while India
    supplied troops to fight alongside their British
    rulers. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks and later
    Bulgaria allied themselves with Germany and the
    Central Powers. As the war promised to be a grim,
    drawn-out affair, all the Great Powers looked for
    other allies around the globe to tip the balance.
    They also sought new war fronts on which to
    achieve victory.

3
War Affects the World
  • The Gallipoli Campaign
  • Allies move to capture Ottoman Dardanelles strait
    in February 1915.
  • Hope to defeat the Ottoman Empire, a Central
    Powers ally.
  • Also want to open a supply line through region to
    Russia.
  • Effort ends in costly Allied defeat.

4
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5
War Affects the World
  • Battles in Africa and Asia
  • Allies take control of German holdings in Asia
    and Africa.
  • Britain and France use their colonial subjects to
    help in war effort

6
War Affects the World
  • America Joins the Fight
  • Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop
    supplies to Britain.
  • Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare, and
    ship near Britain are sunk without warning.
  • Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the
    sinking of the Lusitania which had angered the US

7
War Affects the World
  • Germany renews unrestricted policy in 1917 in
    hopes to starve Britain quickly.
  • Renewal of policy angers the United States.
  • Zimmerman Telegrameffort to enlist Mexico in war
    against the United Statesangers the United
    States.
  • The United States declares war against Germany in
    April 1917 joining the Allies.

8
War Affects the Home Front
  • Governments Wage Total War
  • World War I becomes a total warnations devote
    all resources to war.
  • Governments take control of the economy to
    produce war goods.
  • Nations turn to rationinglimiting purchases of
    war-related goods.
  • Propagandaone sided information to build morale
    and support for the war.

9
War Affects the Home Front
  • Woman and the War
  • At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously
    held by men.
  • Many women also experience the war by working as
    nurses.

10
The Allies Win the War
  • Russia Withdraws
  • Civil unrest in Russia forces Czar to step down
    from throne in 1917.
  • Communists soon take control of Russias
    government.
  • Russia signs a treaty with Germany in March 1918,
    pulls out of war.

11
The Allies Win the War
  • The Central Powers Collapse
  • With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to
    Western Front
  • Engage in major fighting Allies force Germans to
    retreat.
  • Allies win war armisticeend of fightingsigned
    November 1918.

12
John J. Black Jack Pershing
  • Pershing is nicknamed Black Jack because he
    commanded Buffalo Soldiers near the end of the
    wars with Native Americans, specifically fighting
    the Lakota (Sioux).
  • Only person to hold the highest rank in the
    United States Army in his own lifetime General
    of the Armies. George Washington holds this rank
    posthumously.

13
Pershings Military Policies During World War I
  • Pershing insisted that the American Expeditionary
    Force fight as units under American command
    rather than being split up by battalions to
    augment British and French regiments and
    brigades.

14
Pershings Legacy
  • Pershing is often given credit for Allied
    victories. However, junior officers of the time
    like Douglas MacArthur (later commander of the
    U.S. Army in the Pacific during World War II) saw
    him as a desk general commanding far back from
    the lines.
  • He controversially ordered his troops to continue
    fighting after the armistice was signed. This
    resulted in 3,500 U.S. casualties on the last day
    of the war, an act which was regarded as murder
    by several officers under his command.

15
The Legacy of the War
  • A High Price
  • War takes heavy toll 8.5 million soldiers dead,
    21 million wounded
  • War devastates European economies, drains
    national treasuries.
  • Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns
    destroyed.
  • Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair
    reflected in the arts.
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