??????????? ????????????(STJ)???????????

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???????????????????????(STJ)???????????
? ??(??????)? ????(??????)? ????(KEK???)?
????(KEK???)? Soo-Bong Kim(Seoul?)
2006?11?21? KEK????????????
? ????? ? ??? ? ????
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??????? STJ(Superconducting Tunnel Junction)
2006?2?24? KEK?????????? http//rd.kek.jp/events
.html
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????????????
1.???????????? 2.??????????????? 3.?????????????
???? (???????1??????????)
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???????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ???????????110?/cm3????1.9K(0.6meV)????????
???????? ?3??2?????m360meV, m211meV(??????????
????????)??????????monochromatic?30meV
(RMS0.5)??????????????
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?????????
M. Beg, W. Marciano and M. Rudeman Phys. Rev.
D17 (1978) 1395-1401 ??????????SU(2)L x
SU(2)R x U(1)?????. M(WR)????????????
???1017?1035?(?3??2?)
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??????????(????red shift ???smearing)
????????????????Eg?,???????????red shift
z??????????? E0???? Eg E0 /(1z) ????????
????????????????????????????????????,???????????
?????????? Red shift z ????? t
?????, ???????????(????????)??, Eg???????????
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???????????2.7K??????
2.7K??????
40mm
200mm
2mm
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COBE(COsmic Background Explorer)????
?? 3?????? Far Infrared Absolute
Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) ??????????????????????
Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR)
???????????????(?????????)??? Diffuse Infrared
Background Experiment (DIRBE) ????????????
November 18, 1989 ???? September 21, 1990
FIRAS????? DIRBE????(??4.9 µm
??)??? December 23, 1993. ?????
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COBE???????????(DIRBEDiffuse InfraRed
Background Experiment )
??20cm???1 ????????? ?????????(???)
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COBE????????????(??1)
1998?1? Press Release ????????????? ??????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????? When infrared light from these
sources was subtracted from the all-sky maps, the
astronomers found a smooth background of residual
infrared light in the 240 and 140 micrometer
wavelength bands in "windows" near the north and
south poles of the Milky Way, which provided a
relatively clear view across billions of
light-years. ???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????2??????????
?????
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COBE????????????(??2)
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????S??????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
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COBE????????????(??3)
(?)??????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????S??????????????????????????? (?)
????????????????? (?)???????????????????????????
????????????????????
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COBE????????????(??4)
The two black circles with error bars represent
DIRBE detections of the CIB at 140 and 240 µm.
(These detections were the subject of a press
release.) Circles with downward-pointing arrows
represent DIRBE 2 sigma upper limits at 1.25 -
100 µm
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????????????(1)
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????????????(5)
CIB upper limit(measured by COBE)
CIB estimated by Foreground subtraction
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?????????????
????(?40µm, E30meV)?????????????????????????????
? ???NbAl????Hf????W?????
????????? ????? Nb 3.05 meV
9.29 K Al 0.34 meV
1.20 K Hf 0.051 meV
0.165 K W 0.0049
meV 0.016 K 2006??( ?? 190??
) ? Al ?? X?(55Fe)???(0.4K) ??????
40??? ?????? 44??? ?? 20?? ? Hf? W ??
Hf Zr(Zrlt3) 6inch x 5t 50??
W 6inch x 5t
36?? 2007?? ? Hf? W ???????
???????????? 2000??