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LAN/WAN%20Networking:%20An%20Overview

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Title: A Guide to Designing and Implementing Local and Wide Area Networks, 2e Subject: Chapter 1: LAN/WAN Networking: An Overview Author: Anne Ketchen – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: LAN/WAN%20Networking:%20An%20Overview


1
LAN/WAN NetworkingAn Overview
  • Chapter 1

2
Learning Objectives
  • Define and identify the different types of
    networks
  • Describe the history of LANs and WANs
  • Discuss LAN and WAN integration, including the
    basic functions of bridges, routers, gateways,
    and switches
  • Describe network protocol integration methods
  • Explain the preparatory steps of network design

3
Computer Network
  • System of computers, print devices, and computer
    software linked by communications cabling or
    radio waves
  • Typically classified according to
  • Reach and complexity
  • Protocols and topologies

4
Network Communication
5
Network Types Defined
  • Local area networks
  • Metropolitan area networks
  • Wide area networks

6
Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Series of interconnected computers, printing
    devices, and other computer equipment that share
    hardware and software resources
  • Service area usually limited to a given office
    area, floor, or building

7
Example of a LAN
8
Metropolitan Area Network
  • Links multiple LANs in a large city or
    metropolitan region
  • Typically uses fiber-optic connections

9
Example of a MAN
10
Wide Area Network (WAN)
  • Far-reaching system of networks that usually
    extends over 30 miles and often reaches across
    states and continents

11
Network Classification
  • Enterprise network
  • Combination of LANs, MANs, or WANs that provides
    users with an array of computer and network
    resources to complete different tasks

12
Enterprise Network
13
Identifying a Network Type
  • Communications medium
  • Wire cable, fiber-optic cable, radio waves,
    microwaves
  • Protocol
  • How networked data is formatted into discrete
    units
  • How each unit is transmitted and interpreted
  • Topology
  • Physical layout of cable and logical path
  • Network type
  • Private versus public

14
Events that Led up to LANs and WANs
  • 1800s
  • Oersted
  • Morse
  • Undersea cable
  • Pony Express
  • Bell
  • 1900s
  • Transcontinental and transatlantic calls
  • Voice digitization
  • Electronic digital computers
  • Transistors
  • Sputnik
  • Communications satellites
  • ASCII
  • Mass-produced minicomputers

15
LAN/WAN History 1960s
  • First WAN
  • Hypertext
  • Use of fiber optics for phone signals
  • Beginning of ARPANET
  • Packets and packet switching
  • UNIX
  • Telecommunications equipment
  • First IMP prototype

16
LAN/WAN History 1970s
  • Ethernet
  • ARPANET - 15 sites
  • E-mail
  • Terminal emulation
  • International connections to ARPANET
  • Telecommunications conversion from analog to
    digital
  • X.25
  • First wireless gateway
  • Internet Protocol
  • LSI and VLSI chips
  • ICCB

17
LAN/WAN History 1980s
  • BITNET
  • IBMs PC
  • Dial-up modem technology
  • TCP and IP adopted as protocol suite for ARPANET
  • First PC LAN
  • Arrival of Internet
  • Internetwork hosts
  • 5,000 in 1986
  • 100,000 in 1989
  • Cyberspace
  • T-carrier services
  • NFSNET
  • Desktop authoring and multimedia
  • SNMP

18
LAN/WAN History 1990s
  • ARPANET retired
  • SS7 technology
  • NSFNET opened to commercial use
  • First cyber-bank
  • Internet service providers
  • Over 16 million Internet hosts

19
LAN/WAN History 2000s
  • IPv6 used for Internet2 backbone communications
  • Video and radio capability
  • Prices of 1-Gbps devices fall as competition
    increases

20
LAN/WAN Integration
  • 1960s-1980s
  • Direct connection to host mainframe using Systems
    Network Architecture (SNA) communications
    protocol
  • Networks
  • Allow connections to many devices
  • Enable distributed client/server computing

21
Using SNA to Directly Connect without a Network
22
LAN/WAN Integration
  • Becoming more advanced through networking devices
  • Bridges
  • Routers
  • Gateways
  • Switches

23
Bridges
  • Connect different LANs or LAN segments using the
    same access method

24
Routers
  • Connect networks having the same or different
    access methods and media
  • Forward packets and frames to networks by using a
    decision-making process based on
  • Routing table data
  • Discovery of most efficient routes
  • Preprogrammed information from network
    administrator

25
Routers
26
Gateways
  • Enable communications between two different types
    of networked systems

27
Gateways
28
Switches
  • Link network segments
  • Forward and filter frames between segments

29
Integrating Data Between LANs and WANs
  • Translation
  • Encapsulation
  • LAN emulation (LANE)

30
Network Design Introduction
  • How networks work in terms of protocols, access
    methods, and topologies
  • Physical equipment used in LANs and WANs
  • Basic network design principles
  • Using structured wiring and structured networking
    techniques
  • Designing for multimedia and client/server
    applications
  • Taking advantage of LAN and WAN device
    characteristics

continued
31
Network Design Introduction
  • Assess characteristics of the organization that
    affect network design
  • Types and locations of computers
  • Software applications and resources required
  • Business patterns
  • High and low network use periods
  • Designing to facilitate troubleshooting
  • Type of security required
  • Anticipated growth

32
Chapter Summary
  • Basic networking terms and concepts
  • History and evolution of local and wide area
    networking technologies
  • Different methods of integrating short and long
    distance information networks
  • How to prepare for designing networks
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