early 19c Industrialization in America

1
Samuel Slater(Father of the Factory System)
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Began First American Factory

• Worked in a British cotton mill
• Memorized latest textile machinery technology
• Started mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island using
  water power
• 1793
• Initially tried to use only child workers
• Instead brought in entire families built
  company owned housing and stores

3
Early Textile Loom
4
Francis C. Lowell

• Visited British textile plants in 1811
• Memorized plans of British power loom
• Lowell develops first mill in Waltham
• Creates the Boston Manufacturing Company
• River in Waltham not strong enough

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The Lowell/Waltham SystemFirst Dual-Purpose
Textile Plant
Francis Cabot Lowells town - 1814
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Francis Lowells Ideas Work!

• In 1823 he creates a new mill on the Merrimack
  River
• This becomes the Merrimack Manufacturing Company
• He see so much success he continues to open more
  mills in this area.
• Establishes the city of Lowell

7
Lowell in 1850
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Lowell becomes Massachusetts third city

• And by 1848 the largest industrial center in the
  world

9
New England Dominance in Textiles
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American Population Centers in 1820
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American Population Centers in 1860
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Lowell Mill
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Starting for Lowell
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Lowell Girls
What was their typical profile?
15
Irish Immigrant Girls at Work
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Lowell Mills Time Table
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Lowell Boarding Houses
What was boardinghouse life like?
18
Im a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes
I'm a factory girlEveryday filled with fearFrom
breathing in the poison airWishing for
windows!I'm a factory girlTired from the 13
hours of work each dayAnd we have such low
payWishing for shorten work times!I'm a factory
girlNever having enough time to eatNor to rest
my feetWishing for more free time!I'm a factory
girlSick of all this harsh conditionsMaking me
want to sign the petition!So do what I ask for
because I am a factory girlAnd I'm hereby
speaking for all the rest!