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Trail of Tears

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Trail of Tears & Indian Removal Forced Removal of Native Americans Under the Jackson Administration The Indian Removal Act Native Americans had long lived in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Trail of Tears


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Trail of Tears Indian Removal
  • Forced Removal of Native Americans Under the
    Jackson Administration

3
  • The Indian Removal Act
  • Native Americans had long lived in settlements
    stretching from Georgia to Mississippi.
  • Jackson and other political leaders wanted to
    open land to settlement by American farmers.
  • Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830.
  • It authorized the removal of Native Americans
    who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands
    in the west.

4
  • Congress then established the Indian Territory.
  • U.S. owned land in Oklahoma set up to protect
    Native Americans from further conflicts with
    American settlers
  • Bureau of Indian Affairs
  • Congress created a new government agency to
    manage the Indians removal to western lands and
    how they lived there.

5
  • Other Native Americans Removed
  • Choctaw
  • First to be sent to Indian Territory.
  • 7.5 million acres of their land taken by
    Mississippi.
  • One-fourth died on the way.
  • Creek
  • Resisted but were captured and forced to march to
    Indian Territory.
  • Chickasaw
  • Negotiated treaty for better supplies, but many
    died.

6
  • Cherokee resistance to removal led to
    disagreement between Jackson and the Supreme
    Court.
  • Cherokee Nation
  • Cherokees adopted white culture, had own
    government and a writing system developed by
    Sequoya.
  • Georgia took their land, and Cherokees sued the
    state.

7
  • Outcome of Worcester v. Georgia
  • Supreme Court ruled in the Cherokees favor in
    Worcester v. Georgia saying that the Cherokee
    nation was a distinct community within Georgia in
    which Georgia could not enforce the laws, but
    President Jackson sided with Georgia and took no
    action to enforce the ruling. This violated his
    presidential oath to uphold the laws of the land.

8
Trail of Tears
  • What was the Trail of Tears?
  • 800 mile forced march of Cherokee's from Georgia
    to Oklahoma. Almost ¼ of the population died on
    the march due to the harsh conditions.

9
This picture, The Trail of Tears, was painted by
Robert Lindneux in 1942. It commemorates the
suffering of the Cherokee people under forced
removal. If any depictions of the "Trail of
Tears" were created at the time of the march,
they have not survived. Image Credit The Granger
Collection, New York
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Other Native Americans Resisted Removal
  • Chief Black Hawk of the Fox and Sauk fought
    rather than leave Illinois.
  • He was eventually forced to leave, after running
    out of food and supplies.
  • Osceola led his followers in the Second Seminole
    War in Florida.
  • Hundreds of Seminoles, including Osceola were
    killed, and some 4,000 Seminoles were removed
  • Small groups of Seminole resisted removal, and
    their descendants live in Florida today.
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