UNH InterOperability Lab

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UNH InterOperability Lab

• Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)Use
  Cases

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Presentation Topics

• SATA Uses in the Enterprise
• SATA Uses in Personal Computing
• Device Form Factors
• ODD, HDD, and SSD Devices
• Port Multipliers

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SATA Uses in the Enterprise

• Scalability and Cost
• Cabling and Connections
• Performance and SATA / SAS Compatibility

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Scalability and Cost

• SATA is highly viable for servers and storage
  networks
• One SATA controller can aggregate multiple ports
• Multiple SATA drives can be linked using
  backplanes and external enclosures

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Scalability and Cost

• SATA was designed to provide excellent speed and
  storage at a low cost
• Cost and scalability provides potential for
  greater storage capacity at a lower cost than
  networked or server storage

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Cabling and Connections

• Point-to-point connectivity
• Thin and relatively small (compared to PATA)
  cables allow for simple routing and better
  airflow within systems
• SATA was designed to eliminate master and slave
  setups as well as drive jumpers

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Cabling and Connections

• Hot-swapping is supported (drives can be added or
  removed while system is running)
• Connectors allow for simple external RAID through
  backplanes

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SATA Cables

• Up to 1 meter in length, 7 conductors (3 grounds
  and 2 pairs of data lines)

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Performance and SATA/SAS Compatibility

• First Generation SATA (1.5 Gbit/s)
• Second Generation SATA (3.0 Gbit/s)
• Third Generation SATA (6.0 Gbit/s)
• Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
• Interoperability with SAS Initiators and Expanders

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First Generation SATA (1.5 Gbit/s)

• Communication rate of 1.5 Gbit/s for data
  transfer
• At the application level, only one transaction
  can be handled at a given time

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First Generation SATA (1.5 Gbit/s)

• Throughput capabilities similar to PATA/133
  specification
• All optical drives operate at 1.5 Gbit/s transfer
  rate as well as many hard disk drives and hosts

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Second Generation SATA (3.0 Gbit/s)

• Designed to compensate for first generation
  shortcomings
• Native Command Queuing (NCQ) support added for
  both 1.5 and 3.0 Gbit/s devices
• Backwards compatibility with 1.5 controllers and
  3.0 Gbit/s devices

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Second Generation SATA (3.0 Gbit/s)

• Second Generation SATA devices can drop to 1.5
  Gbit/s transfer rate when communicating with
  First Generation devices
• 3.0 Gbit/s transfer rate supported by many hosts
  and hard disk drives

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Third Generation SATA (6.0 Gbit/s)

• With introduction of Solid State Disk (SSD)
  drives, which operate at the 250 MB/s limit net
  read speed, enhancements were required
• Isochronous data transfers in the NCQ streaming
  command were added
• All DRAM cache reads operate at faster rates with
  Third Generation

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Third Generation SATA (6.0 Gbit/s)

• New NCQ host processing and management
• Power management improved
• Former SATA cables and connectors still meet
  specification

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Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

• When drive receives multiple commands from an
  application, NCQ optimizes how the commands will
  be completed
• Drive must intelligently and internally assess
  the destination of the logic block addresses and
  then order the commands to optimize the workload

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Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

• This is due to the fact that the mechanical
  movement needed to position the read / write head
  is relevant
• This improves performance and minimizes the
  mechanical positioning for the drive

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Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

• Commands are ordered in the queue to minimize
  mechanical movement

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Interoperability with SAS Initiators and Expanders

• SATA protocol was designed to interoperate with
  SAS
• SATA drives can be used in many SAS enclosures
• SATA targets are designed to connect to SAS
  initiators and expanders
• However, SATA initiators cannot connect to SAS
  targets and expanders

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SATA Uses in Personal Computing

• Better performance than and backwards
  compatibility with PATA (Parallel Advanced
  Technology Attachment)
• Enhanced reliability
• Flexible system integration

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SATA v. PATA Performance and Compatibility

• Simplified operation with hot-swapping
• SATA cables have only 7 conductors (two pairs of
  differential signaling lines, one for
  transmission, one for receiving and three
  grounds) improving accessibility

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SATA v. PATA Performance and Compatibility

• SATA devices can be set up to behave like PATA
  devices through legacy mode settings
• Devices look as if they are on a PATA controller
• Through eSATA connectivity internal SATA devices
  can connect to end systems externally

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Enhanced Reliability

• Packet integrity is verified by Cyclic Redundancy
  Checking (CRC)
• CRC authenticates all data, validates that no
  corruption exists
• SATA also uses CRC to communicate what data
  should be read or written and to watch drive
  optimization
• Available latching connectors

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Flexible System Integration

• SATA is scalable, allowing for growth and
  augmentations to the platform
• SATA supports all ATA and ATAPI devices (CD, DVD,
  CDRW, tape devices, Zip, etc.)
• USB and IEEE1394 support for eSATA

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Device Form Factors

• 2.5 Side and Bottom Mounting Device
• 3.5 Side and Bottom Mounting Device
• 5.25 Optical Device
• 5.25 Non-optical Device
• 9.5 mm Slim-line Drive
• 12.7 mm Slim-line Drive
• 1.8 ?SATA Drive

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2.5 Side and Bottom Mounting Device

• Form Factor for SSD and HDD applications

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3.5 Side and Bottom Mounting Device

• Form Factor for disk drives

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5.25 Optical Device

• Form Factor for CD, DVD, CDRW, DVDRW, etc. drives

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9.5 mm Slim-line Drive

• Form Factor for many laptop optical drives

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12.7 mm Slim-line Drive

• Form Factor for many laptop optical drives

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1.8 ?SATA Drive

• Form Factor for many drives designed for portable
  devices and notebook computers

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Types of SATA Drives

• Optical Disk Drives (ODD)
• Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
• Solid State Disk Drives (SSD)

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Optical Disk Drives (ODD)

• All SATA Optical Disk Drives operate at
  Generation 1 speed (1.5 Gbit/s)
• Offered in 5.25, 9.5 mm, and 12.7 mm form
  factors
• Capabilities include CD, DVD, CDRW, DVDR, DVDRW

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Hard Disk Drives (HDD)

• SATA Hard Disk Drives can operate at all speeds
  1.5 Gbit/s, 3.0 Gbit/s, and 6.0 Gbit/s
• Operating speeds of 4200 rpm, 5400 rpm, 7200 rpm,
  and 10,000 rpm
• Seen in all form factors (enclosures available
  for 9.5 mm and 12.7 mm are available)

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Solid State Disk Drives (SSD)

• SSD drives have many advantages over HDD drives
• Typically composed of DRAM or NAND memory
• No moving parts faster startup, reading,
  constant performance, silent, lower heat
  production and power consumption, more resistant
  to physical shock and climate

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Solid State Disk Drives (SSD)

• Some disadvantages compared to HDD drives
• Considerably higher cost, lower relative
  capacities, limited write cycles, slower write
  speeds

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Port Multipliers

• What Port Multipliers Do
• How Port Multipliers Operate
• How Port Multipliers are Cost-effective

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What Port Multipliers Do

• From one SATA port, multiple drives or devices
  can communicate
• Placed on the backplane of a SATA enclosure

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What Port Multipliers Do

• Transparent operation to the drives attached
• All SATA drives are supported

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How Port Multipliers Operate

• One SATA port multiplier host connects to many
  SATA drives
• Operation is similar to USB hubs but performance
  is in line with an aggregated switch

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How Port Multipliers Operate

• Host bus adapter communicates with all drives but
  each subsequent drive is unaware of the
  multiplexing
• Drives act as if they are connected directly to
  the host

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How Port Multipliers Operate

• Bus to SATA Devices

• Bus to SATA PM to Devices

• Note that the available bandwidth on the 3Gbit/s
  link limits drive connectivity, maintaining
  efficiency and performance

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How Port Multipliers are Cost-effective

• Allow extended device scalability
• Up to 15 SATA devices can link to the host with
  one cable
• Efficient packaging

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How Port Multipliers are Cost-effective

• Greater performance than Firewire / USB external
  drives
• Only one host adapter is required as one PCI slot
  is needed
• No performance loss

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Sources

• http//www.serialata.org/technology/why_sata.asp
• http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sata-or-serial-ata
  .htm
• http//www.thaiinternetwork.com/backend/imagefile/
  0213_3.jpg
• http//www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.as
  p?articlearticles/archive/l0907/41l07/41l07.asp
• http//www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2007
  /10/wd-scorpio-320gb.jpg
• http//c1.neweggimages.com/productimage/22-136-317
  -03.jpg
• http//computer-reviews.net/files/Toshiba20Dual2
  0Layer20DVD20Writer.jpg
• http//www.pcstats.com/articleimages/200708/LGGSAH
  62N_sata2.jpg
• http//www.techfresh.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/0
  9/toshiba-250gb-sata-disk.jpg
• http//www.serialata.org/technology/port_multiplie
  rs.asp
• http//freshisback.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/sky
  scraper.jpg
• http//www.uriel-law.com/images/ComputerNetwork.jp
  g
• http//www.tomsguide.com/us/intel-ss4000e-raid5-na
  s,review-714-4.html
• http//img.tomshardware.com/us/2007/08/10/unified_
  serial_raid_controllers_for_pci_express/sata-sas.j
  pg
• http//img.zdnet.com/techDirectory/_SATPAT.JPG
• http//www.sataport.com/5-port-sata-multiplier-sil
  icon-image2.jpg

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UNH InterOperability Lab
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)Use Cases