Legislating%20Slavery

1
Legislating Slavery

• From Constitution to 1854

2
US Constitution-1789

• 3/5th Compromise-Slaves count as 3/5th of a
  person for representation in Congress
• Slave Trade is legalized for 20 years (Congress
  cannot regulate it, but they can tax it) must be
  renewed in 20 years

3
1808- Slave Trade Banned

• Jan 1, 1808 law takes effect banning the slave
  trade in the US- urged by Jefferson
• Every state except S. Carolina had already banned
  it
• Slavery still exists

4
Missouri Statehood

• 1819- Missouri applied for statehood
• Formed out of parts of the Louisiana Purchase
• Tallmadge Amendment- no more slaves allowed to
  enter Missouri Territory, and any child born into
  slavery would be free at 25 yrs. old in Missouri
• Passed House, Senate rejects
• Why do you think House accepts this bill, and
  Senate rejects it? (Think which side this bill
  favors)
• Sectional balance!!!!!
• House members of the North far outnumber the
  Southern representatives
• BUT, SENATE IS EQUAL, THEREFORE A BALANCE, WHY?

5
Missouri Compromise-(1820)

• Created by Henry Clay
• 3 parts
• Missouri enters as slave state
• Maine, (which was part of Massachusetts) enters
  as free state
• Future slavery boundary line set at 3630 for
  the rest of La. Purchase
• Who got the better deal?? North or South?

6
Nullification Crisis

• Started over Tariff of Abominations
• South Carolina threatens to secede, belief in
  nullification of federal laws
• Jackson threatens the army
• Force Bill Compromise
• Federal law supreme, army can enforce laws
• Tariff ?
• Gag rule in Congress on slavery topic

7
Mexican War/ Texas Annexation

• US acquires a lot of new land in the South
• Slavery expands??
• Wilmot Proviso
• Attempt to ban slavery in all lands acquired in
  Mexican Cession
• Twice passed by House, Senate rejects it!
  Shocker!!
• Reality of the SW land??
• Most land (New Mexico Territory) wasnt that
  useful for slavery, so region isnt too important
  for either side

8
Latin American Expansion?

• Polk offered 100 million for Cuba
• Ostend Manifesto-Buchanan floats potential plan
• Offer to buy Cuba from Spain for 120 million,,,
  if they say no, its war!!
• William Walker- filibuster (pirate)
• Goal was to create a slavocracy in Latin America
• Invaded Baja Cal. (Republic of Sonora)
• Trial for starting illegal war, not guilty in 8
  minutes
• Pres. Of Nicaragua-recognized by Pres. Pierce!!
• But pissed off Cornelius Vanderbilt over shipping
• Honduras, captured by British, firing squad in
  Honduras
• Legend in the South!

9
(No Transcript)
10
California Problem

• California also part of Mexican War land
• Why was California a major problem regarding
  slavery?
• Economic importance of gold/ agriculture
• Huge population for a territory huge political
  power when it becomes a state
• State is geographically large and is located in
  North and South
• Slave expansion to the Pacific islands!!
• President Zachary Taylor plan to quickly have
  California become a state and skip the
  territorial stage, entering as a free state
• 2 problems with the plan
• Taylor becomes 2nd President to die in office!!
  His replacement Fillmore is weak president
• South enraged and feels North is secretly
  plotting to end slavery for good!!

11
Last Stand of the 3 Giants

• Webster (North), Calhoun (South), and Clay (go
  between) make dramatic speeches to keep Union
  together
• All 3 die soon after but get Congress to
  compromise on California

12
Compromise of 1850 (California Compromise)

• North gets
• California a free state
• Slave trade, not slavery, is banned in D.C.
• Texas gives up land in N. Mexico region for 10
  million
• South gets
• New Mexico split into 2 New Mexico and Utah
  territories, and popular sovereignty will decide
  if slavery will exist in this territory
• Tougher Fugitive Slave Act
• Who wins?

13
(No Transcript)
14
Fugitive Slave Act

• Federal agents in the North must try and capture
  runaway slaves
• 1,000 fine if they dont
• Bonus paid for each slave captured
• owners just have to say thats my slave
• Slave cant testify in Court
• Judge paid double if they side w/ owner

15
Exit Slip Hochman

• The govt made various compromises on slavery
• Because
• But
• So

16
(No Transcript)
17
What is the point of the painting?
18
(No Transcript)
19
Early Abolitionism

• 1688- Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery-
  Society of Friends
• 1775- Thomas Paine- 1st to bring about
  emancipation idea
• 1822- American Colonization Society (ACS)-
• Bought land in Africa to return slaves
• Colony named Liberia/ capital named Monrovia
• 13,000 went to Africa

20
(No Transcript)
21
William Lloyd Garrison

• 1830- immediate emancipation, gradually
  achieved!
• Newspaper- The Liberator

22
Goal of The Liberator

• The Liberator. In the first issue, Garrison
  stated
• I am aware that many object to the severity of my
  language but is there not cause for severity? I
  will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising
  as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to
  think, or to speak, or write, with moderation.
  No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give
  a moderate alarm tell him to moderately rescue
  his wife from the hands of the ravisher tell the
  mother to gradually extricate her babe from the
  fire into which it has fallen but urge me not
  to use moderation in a cause like the present. I
  am in earnest I will not equivocate I will
  not excuse I will not retreat a single inch
  AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is
  enough to make every statue leap from its
  pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the
  dead.

23
Frederick Douglass

• Former slave
• speeches
• The North Star
• Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

24

• I was broken in body, soul, and spirit. My
  natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect
  languished, the disposition to read departed the
  cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died
  the dark night of slavery closed upon me and
  behold a man transformed into a brute!

Fugitive slaves were rare then, and as a
fugitive slave lecturer, I had the advantage of
being the first one out.
25
(No Transcript)
26
Sojourner Truth

• Aint I a Woman

27
Underground Railroad

• Informal network of secret routes to help runaway
  slaves
• Escaped to free states or Canada
• stations/ conductors safe houses
• Harriet Tubman(300)
• Codes/messages/songs/ North Star

28
What do you notice about the routes of the
Underground Railroad?
29
How does this painting show emotion?What is
probably very inaccurate about the Underground
Railroad in the painting?