Chapter 4 Organ Systems of the Body

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Chapter 4Organ Systems of the Body
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DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS

• Organa structure made up of two or more kinds of
  tissues organized in such a way that they can
  together perform a more complex function than can
  any tissue alone
• Organ systema group of organs arranged in such a
  way that they can together perform a more complex
  function than can any organ alone
• Knowledge of individual organs and how they are
  organized into groups makes the understanding of
  how a particular organ system functions as a
  whole more meaningful

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Integumentary system (Figure 4-2)
• Structureorgans
• Skin
• Hair
• Nails
• Sense receptors
• Sweat glands
• Oil glands
• Functions
• Protection
• Regulation of body temperature
• Synthesis of chemicals
• Sense organ

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Skeletal system (Figure 4-3)
• Structure
• Bones
• Joints
• Functions
• Support
• Movement (with joints and muscles)
• Storage of minerals
• Blood cell formation

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Muscular system (Figure 4-4)
• Structure
• Muscles
• Voluntary, or striated
• Involuntary, or smooth
• Cardiac
• Functions
• Movement
• Maintenance of body posture
• Production of heat

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Nervous system (Figure 4-5)
• Structure
• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Nerves
• Sense organs
• Functions
• Communication
• Integration
• Control
• Recognition of sensory stimuli
• System functions by production of nerve impulses
  caused by stimuli of various types
• Control is fast-acting and of short duration

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Endocrine system (Figure 4-6)
• Structure
• Pituitary gland
• Pineal gland
• Hypothalamus
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid glands
• Thymus gland
• Adrenal glands
• Pancreas
• Ovaries (female)
• Testes (male)

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Endocrine system (cont.)
• Functions
• Secretion of special substances called hormones
  directly into the blood
• Same as nervous systemcommunication,
  integration, control
• Control is slow and of long duration
• Examples of hormone regulation
• Growth
• Metabolism
• Reproduction
• Fluid and electrolyte balance

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Cardiovascular (circulatory) system (Figure 4-7)
• Structure
• Heart
• Blood vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
• Functions
• Transportation
• Regulation of body temperature
• Immunity (body defense)

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

• Lymphatic system (Figure 4-8)
• Structure
• Lymph nodes
• Lymphatic vessels
• Tonsils
• Thymus
• Spleen
• Functions
• Transportation
• Immunity (body defense)