Fill in the definition and example of each incomplete term.

1
Drama Terms

• Fill in the definition and example of each
  incomplete term.

2
Aside

• When a character speaks directly to the audience
  or privately to another character on stage.
  During an aside, no one else on stage hears the
  conversation except the audience and the person
  who is being spoken to.

3
Anachronism

• When a writer places a person or object outside
  of its realistic time period.
• Example Shakespeare lived in the 1500s.
• His places contained references to Queen
  Elizabeth (who also lived in the 1500s), even
  though many of his plays settings took place
  before the queen was born.

4
Dialogue

• Written or spoken conversational language between
  two or more characters.

5
Dramatis Personae

• Pronounced Dram uh tis Per sone ee
• A list of characters preceding the text in a
  play.

6
Foil Character

• A character who contrasts with another character
  (usually the protagonist) in order to high light
  particular characteristics in the other character

7
Iamb

• A metrical foot used in different types of
  poetry.
• An Iamb is a short syllable followed by a long
  syllable.
• Iambic Pentameter
• Is acommonly used metrical line in traditional
  verse (blank verse). A line of poetry written in
  iambic pentameter will have 10 syllables.
• Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!

8
Metonymy

• is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a
  thing or concept is not called by its own name,
  but by the name of something intimately
  associated with that thing or concept.
• Examples
• Hollywood is a metonym for U.S. cinema
• Langley is a metonym for the U.S. Central
  Intelligence Agency whose head quarters are in
  this town

9
Monologue

• is a speech presented by a single character,
  especially one dominating a conversation.
• It can also be any composition, as a poem, in
  which a single person speaks alone. They can
  share their personal ideas but with the intention
  of giving these thoughts to the audience. (They
  are not talking to themselves)

10
Pathos

• A rhetorical device in which someone evokes
  feelings of pity or compassion in their audience.
  Pathos deals with ones emotions.
• Example
• Marc Antony uses pathos in his speech to first
  evoke the feelings of compassion for Caesar. He
  then uses this emotion to manipulate the crowd.

11
Soliloquy

• an utterance or discourse by a person who is
  talking to himself or herself or is disregardful
  of or oblivious to any hearers present (often
  used as a device in drama to disclose a
  character's innermost thoughts)
• The character is NOT speaking to anyone but
  himself or herself.
• Example Hamlet's soliloquy begins with To be or
  not to be.
• Antony O pardon me thou bleeding piece of
  earth

12
Stage Directions

• an instruction written into the script of a play,
  indicating stage actions, movements of
  performers, or production requirements.
• usually set off with brackets , parentheses(
  ), or italics
• Example
• Enter, from opposite sides, a Fairy, and PUCK

13
Tragedy

• any literary composition, as a novel, dealing
  with a somber theme carried to a
  tragic conclusion.
• (most characters usually die in tragedies)
• Emphasizes human greatness
• Tragic hero man of noble stature (usually
  prince or king)
• Tragic hero is good (not perfect)
• Tragic hero has a downfall (usually of his own
  fault)
• However, his misfortune is not altogether
  deserved
• Even though the hero may die, he usually learns
  something about mankind or has some gain in
  self-knowledge before he dies.
• Tragedy celebrates life.
• Challenges us with a vision of human possibility.
  
• Tragedies tend to isolate protagonists to
  emphasize their uniqueness.

14
Tragic Flaw

• the character defect that causes the downfall of
  the protagonist of a tragedy
• Example
• Some heroes have PRIDE.

15
Tragic Hero

• a great or virtuous character in a dramatic
  tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering,
  or defeat Oedipus, the classic tragic hero.

16
Comedy

• Exposes or makes fun of human weakness
• Displays human limitations (humans are not
  all-powerful) Lord, what fools these mortals
  be!
• Function To be critical and corrective
• Humorous and full of satire
• Ridiculous characters
• Comedies place their protagonists in the midst of
  a group to emphasize their commonness.
• Many comedies end with marriages ( fun, exciting,
  and celebratory).

17
Theres more on Comedies

• Emphasizes the sympathetic character rather than
  the ridiculous character.
• Main characters are sensible and good
• Romantic Comedies do not test the limits of human
  possibility.
• Lesser characters are made fun of through
  ridicule and satire.

18
Tragedy vs. Comedy Plot Structure

• The structure is basically the same except for a
  few differences.
• 1. Comedies- During the falling action (Act IV),
  something else goes wrong even though all the
  major decisions have been made.
• This is called the second conflict
• 2. Tragedy- In the falling action, something else
  looks like it will turn the events even though
  the major mistakes have been made. ( You think it
  will be alright).
• This is called the second hope

19
Euphemism

• Some euphemisms are idioms but not always.
• Examples
• To pass away to die
• Croaked died
• Full figured- overweight
• Lose your lunch- regurgitate (throw up)
• the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague
  expression for one thought to be offensive,
  harsh, or blunt.

20
Pun

• the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to
  emphasize or suggest its different meanings or
  applications, or the use of words that are alike
  or nearly alike in sound but different in
  meaning a play on words.
• Example
• "A trade, sir, that, I hope, I may use with a
  safe conscience which is, indeed, sir, a mender
  of bad soles." The pun is on soul

21
Blank Verse

• (also called unrhymed iambic pentameter) -
  unrhymed lines of ten syllables each with the
  even-numbered syllables bearing the accents.
• A form of poetry- Shakespeare uses blank verse to
  show when someone is speaking in the formal
  language.

22
Free Verse

• the ordinary form of spoken and written language
  whose unit is the sentence, rather than the line
  as it is in poetry. The term applies to all
  expressions in language that do not have a
  regular rhythmic pattern
• A form of poetry also known as PROSE
• Shakespeare wrote in prose to show when someone
  was speaking the common language or slang.

23
Rhetoric

• The art or study of public speaking.
• Being able to use language effectively within a
  speech.
• Rhetorical Devices
• Techniques speakers use to influence
• his or her audience.

24
Rhetorical Question

• a question asked solely to produce an effect or
  to make an assertion and not to elicit a reply.
• Example Did I raise you in a barn?
• Marc Antony- "Does this in Caesar seem
  ambitious?
• Rhetoric is a synonym for Oratory

25
Oratory (orator)

• 1. skill or eloquence in public speaking The
  evangelist moved thousands to repentance with his
  oratory.
• 2. the art of public speaking, especially in a
  formal and eloquent manner.

26
More Rhetorical Devices

• Analogy a comparison in which the writer/speaker
  finds points of similarity between two dissimilar
  things, often extending the idea beyond a single
  sentence.
• Example
• Learning a new language is like being a small
  child all over again. You find yourself pointing
  at things, blurting out words, and hoping that
  someone will understand. Meanwhile, people
  around you seem to be speaking a mile a minute,
  laughing with each other, but you have no idea
  what theyre saying. Frustrated that you cant
  express yourself or join in the conversation, you
  may have the urge to ball up your hands into
  fists and cry.

27
Parallelism

• Grammatical Meaning
• Similarity of structure in a pair or series of
  related words, phrases, or clauses. Also called
  parallel structure.
• Example of correct parallelism
• She is washing the dishes, going to the store,
  and buying groceries.
• Example of non-parallel structure
• She is going to wash the dishes, going to the
  store, and to buy groceries.

28
Parallelism

• Rhetorical Devices meaning
• Figure of balance identified by a similarity in
  the syntactical structure of a set of words in
  successive phrases, clauses, sentences
  successive words, phrases, clauses with the same
  or very similar grammatical structure.
• Examples
• "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us
  well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear
  any burden, meet any hardship, support any
  friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and
  the success of liberty."
• -- John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address

29
More Examples of Parallelism

• "We have seen the state of our Union in the
  endurance of rescuers, working past exhaustion. 
  We've seen the unfurling of flags, the lighting
  of candles, the giving of blood, the saying of
  prayers -- in English, Hebrew, and Arabic.
  George W. Bush, 9-20-01 Address to the Nation on
  Terrorism
• "We have petitioned and our petitions have been
  scorned. We have entreated and our entreaties
  have been disregarded. We have begged and they
  have mocked when our calamity came. We beg no
  longer. We entreat no more. We petition no more.
  We defy them."-- William Jennings Bryan

30
Repetition

• Repeating the same words over and over for
  dramatic or emotional effect.
• Free at last, free at last, thank God
  almighty were free at last! MLK Jr.
• For Brutus is an honorable man
• So are they all, all honorable men
• Marc Antony Shakespearean Play

31
Allusions

• Reference to anything historical, biblical,
  cultural, literary, mythological, etc..
• "Ay, as Aeneas, our great ancestor, did from the
  flames of Troy upon his shoulder the old Anchises
  bear.." (Cassius, Act 1, scene 2)Aeneas was the
  son of Anchises and Aphrodite. He is associated
  with the founding of Rome, and his story is told
  in Virgil's Aeneid.

32
Hyperbole

• An extreme exaggeration
• Ive heard that excuse a million times.

33
Litotes

• Pronounced Ly tu tees
• A deliberate understatement used for emphasis
• Example
• We had a nice little snack of roast beef, mashed
  potatoes, green beans, several side salads, and a
  choice of about a dozen desserts.
• Example 2 "Einstein is not a bad mathematician"

34
Metaphors and Similes

• Metaphor Her hair was a waterfall flowing down
  her shoulders.
• Simile Her hair looked like a waterfall flowing
  down her shoulders.

35
Stereotype

• A generalization that allows a reader to quickly
  identify a character with a group
• During the Cold War, a Russian was an enemy.

36
Practice Rhetorical Devices

• EOC Purple Book
• Pages 267-269

37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)