Chapter 25: Preventing and Managing Injuries in Young Athletes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Chapter 25: Preventing and Managing Injuries in Young Athletes

Description:

Chapter 25: Preventing and Managing Injuries in Young Athletes – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:362
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 33
Provided by: AnnaP163
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Chapter 25: Preventing and Managing Injuries in Young Athletes


1
Chapter 25 Preventing and Managing Injuries in
Young Athletes
2
Cultural Trends
  • Significant increase in participation by young
    children, particularly females
  • Organized and informal sports and recreation
    activities
  • Results in an increase in sports and recreation
    related injuries
  • Risk of injuries is inherent in sports
  • Young athletes are susceptible because they are
    continuously gaining motor and cognitive skills

3
  • Questions still arise concerning the
    appropriateness of youth participation in sports
  • Level of training intensity and frequency remains
    a concern

4
Where are injuries occurring? The Facts
  • More than 3.5 million children ages 14 and under
    suffer medically treated sports injuries annually
  • Collision/contact sports are associated with
    higher injury rates
  • Nearly half of all sports/recreation-related head
    injuries to children are caused by bicycle,
    skating and skateboard incidents

5
  • Overuse injuries account for almost 50 of
    injuries seen in middle high school
  • Sports injuries account for approximately 55 of
    nonfatal injuries at school
  • Most organized sports-related injuries (62)
    occur during practice rather than games
  • It is estimated that half of all significant
    sports-related injuries are treated in sports
    medicine clinics instead of hospitals

6
  • In 2001, approx. 194,000 and 79,300 children
    (ages 5-14) were treated in hospital emergency
    rooms for football-related and soccer-related
    injuries, respectively
  • Baseball has the highest fatality rate among all
    sports for children
  • 24,400 children were treated for
    gymnastics-related injuries in 2001.

7
Physical Maturity Assessment in Matching Athletes
  • Children are at a greater risk than adults for
    injury
  • Due to inability to assess risk, less
    coordination, slower reaction time and less
    accuracy
  • Rates of injury vary with age and gender
  • Injury rate is associated more with childs stage
    of development
  • Youth sports participants should be matched by
    physical maturity, size, weight and skill level

8
  • Maturity assessment should be part of the
    physical examination
  • Used to protect the physically young athlete
  • Commonly used tools
  • Tanners Stages of Maturity
  • Stage 1 puberty is not evident
  • Stage 3 fastest bone growth and is crucial in
    terms of contact/collision sports (growth plate
    weakness)
  • Stage 5 full development

9
  • According to the American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Preadolescent boys and girls should not be
    separated by gender in recreational or
    competitive sports activities
  • Separation of genders should occur in
    collision-type sports once boys have attained
    greater muscle mass in proportion to height

10
Physical Conditioning and Training
  • Those guidelines and philosophies used by adults
    should not be imposed on younger athletes who are
    anatomically, physiologically or psychologically
    less mature

11
  • Young athletes should focus on developing
    muscular strength, endurance, cardiovascular
    fitness and flexibility
  • Should work with fitness professionals, coaches
    and ATCs (if possible) year-round to maintain
    fitness and nutrition
  • Engage in appropriate conditioning program for 6
    weeks prior to beginning daily practice routine

12
  • Athletes should engage in appropriate warm-up (w/
    stretching) and cool down with activities
  • Practices should be limited to no more than 2
    hours

13
  • Strength training can be safe and appropriate for
    emotionally mature athletes that are able to
    follow directions associated with a properly
    designed program
  • Younger children can also engage in program
    (callisthenic in nature) as long as they are able
    to follow directions and perform activity safely

14
Psychological and Learning Concerns
  • Stress as a result of over zealous coaches and
    parents is always a concern
  • Children do not always understand sports concepts
    until they have received instruction

15
  • Children usually are eager to please adults
  • Vulnerable to coercion and manipulation
  • Coach should be positive and use positive
    reinforcement
  • Allows athlete to develop self-worth and
    self-esteem
  • Not all children are equal in ability
  • Some children respond to competition while others
    shy away

16
  • Attempting to do ones best must be emphasized
  • Children must receive instruction
  • Should be timely
  • Emphasize enjoyment of the activity not just
    winning
  • Types of play
  • Organized vs. Free-flowing

17
  • Adverse effect of adult influences is one
    potential negative psychological aspect of youth
    sport participation
  • Participation in sports can be taken to extremes
    intensive participation relative to intensity
    and frequency
  • Demands placed on body and mind
  • At ages 10-12 a great deal of development is
    still occurring cognitively
  • Ability to comprehend multiple points of view,
    team perspective

18
  • Issues may also enter the picture when injury
    rehabilitation is involved
  • Risk factors for psychological complications in
    the injured child
  • Stress in the family
  • High-achieving siblings
  • Over or under-involved parents
  • Paradoxical lack of leisure in athletic activity
  • Self-esteem that is reliant on athletic prowess
  • Narrow range of interests outside of athletics

19
Coaching Qualifications
  • No federal law requires coaching education at any
    level
  • Training
  • Degree programs, Boy Scouts, youth sports
    coaching programs
  • No real standards until 1996

20
  • NASPE is developing accreditation programs
  • USOC mandates participation in safety and
    certification course (American Red Cross / USOC)
  • Generally coaches have little or no background in
    providing safe and positive sports experience

21
  • Should be dedicated to the highest ideals of
    coaching
  • NYSCA has membership and levels of certification
    focusing on coaching, safety and first aid along
    with the psychological aspect of sports
  • Coaches should have good understanding of child
    development physical, emotional and
    psychological

22
Common Injuries in the Young Athlete
  • Must be concerned with repeated microtrauma that
    can become compounded, become chronic or even
    degenerative in maturing musculoskeletal system
  • Children are susceptible to same injuries as
    mature adults

23
Growth Plate Fractures
  • Growth plate
  • Region at the end of long bones where bone growth
    occurs
  • Determines length and shape of bone
  • Trauma could be single acute incident or chronic,
    overuse, stress related
  • Suspected fracture should be referred to a
    physician immediately
  • Determine severity and form of treatment/immobiliz
    ation

24
  • Must be carefully monitored
  • Bone will either not get longer or end up with
    stimulated growth with injured leg becoming
    longer than uninjured
  • Complicated fractures must be followed up with
    until skeletal maturity is reached

25
Apophysitis
  • Apophysis
  • Specialized area of cartilage within growth plate
  • Often point of large tendon insertion
  • Repetitive stress results in inflammatory
    response
  • Osgood-Schlaters and Severs disease
  • Usually begins at ages 8-15
  • Pain generally with activity

26
  • Tenderness is localized with no other significant
    abnormalities
  • Diagnosis from history, physical exam and
    occasionally X-rays
  • Not serious and will resolve over time
  • Treatment is directed toward reducing symptoms

27
Avulsion Fractures
  • Bone vs. Muscle development
  • May result in imbalance and possible injury
  • Stresses placed on bones through tendon of
    contracting muscle may result in pieces of bone
    being pulled away from point of insertion
  • Common sites
  • ASIS, AIIS, ischial spine, and 5th metatarsal
  • More common in lower vs. upper extremity

28
Spondylolysis
  • Defect or fracture in bony structures of spine
  • Generally the result of repetitive loading
  • Occur between ages of 5-10 around the 4th and 5th
    lumbar vertebrae
  • Children often remain asymptomatic and injury is
    not realized until later in skeletal development
  • X-rays are required to determine extent of injury

29
  • Spondylolisthesis involves vertebrae slippage
  • Treatment for both centers on healing of defect
    and treating patients symptoms
  • Physicians decision
  • Brace vs. no brace
  • Flexibility becomes a major factor in rehab
    program

30
Sports Injury Prevention
  • For all individuals involved in sports one of the
    primary goals should be prevention of injury
  • Involve proper physical and psychological
    conditioning
  • Utilize appropriate equipment (safety) in a safe
    environment with adequate supervision
  • Enforce safety rules
  • Be sure participants receive a physical and are
    cleared to participate

31
  • Instruct participants on fitness and the various
    components
  • Performance enhancement and injury reduction
  • Encourage proper eating and nutrition
  • Work with athletes on acclimatization and
    hydration
  • Be sure plans and guidelines are in place
    regarding care and treatment of injuries

32
  • Work to create a safe and healthy playing
    environment
  • Be aware of injury prevention guidelines for
    specific sports
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com