Title: Human%20Origins%20and%20Patterns%20of%20Change
1Human Origins and Patterns of Change
2I will be able to
- Describe key scientific findings about human
origins - List human achievements during the Stone Age
- Describe the emergence of modern humans
3Archeologists at Work
- Records cover only the last 5,000 years or so of
human life on earth. - Archaeologists use special skills and tools to
piece together things older than that
4Artifacts vs Fossils
- Artifacts Tools, jewelry, or other objects
modified by human hands.
Fossils Bones preserved in stone
5The first hominids originated in Africa more than
3 million years ago. Lucy
- In 1974, Donald Johanson discovered the
nearly-complete skeleton of "Lucy" - Lucy walked upright, had an opposable thumb and
was dated back to 3.5 million years BCE
6Homo Sapiens
- Homo sapien (wise man) is the name given to
modern humans.
7Neanderthal Man
- The first modern humans, bigger and more powerful
- Resourceful hunters
- Had religious beliefs (ritual burials)
- Vanished about 20,000 years ago
8Cro-Magnons Emerge
- Competed with Neanderthals for land and food
- Had more skill at speaking could plan large
scale hunts reason for survival? - Developed art
9Early Advances in Art and Technology
- Nomads- people who move from place to place
- Hunter-gathers- hunted animals and collected
plant foods - Made spears
- Digging sticks
- Stone, bone, wood for tools
10Beginnings of Agriculture
- Neolithic revolution-the discovery of agriculture
- Shift from food gathering to food production
11Beginnings of Agriculture
- Slash-and-burn farming- cut down trees and burn
them to clear fields - Ashes fertilize the fields
- Plant crops for one or two years
- Move to different field
- Trees and grass grow repeat
12Domestication of Animals
- Domestication- taming of animals
- Jarmo- birthplace of agriculture
- Zagros mountains Iraq
- Wheat, barley, goats, pigs,
- sheep, horses
13(No Transcript)
14WHAT CAUSED IT?
Scientists have some theories to explain the
agricultural revolution
- Longer growing seasons
- Drier land to cultivate
- wild grasses
Rising temperatures worldwide
More FOOD POPULATION
POPULATION CREATES PRESSURE FOR NEW FOOD
SOURCES.
FARMING OFFERS AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE
15Developments Around the World
MEXICO CENTRAL AMERICA Farmers cultivated corn,
beans, squash
CHINA River civilizations Develop a grain
called millet
AFRICA Nile River Valley wheat, barley and other
crops
PERU Farmers in the Central Andes were the first
to grow tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and white
potatoes
16THE EFFECTS OF THEAGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION?
MAN learns to WORK TOGETHER ?creates surplus of
food
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Develop LEADERS RULES OF LAW to settle disputes
CITIES DEVELOP to trade the surplus of food
A DIVISION OF LABOR evolves everyone cannot be a
farmer
- A WRITING SYSTEM is created to keep track of
items bought sold
As government services grow, the government must
collect TAXES