The Jefferson Era

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The Jefferson Era
Chapter 10 Lesson 1 8.40 Analyze the role played
by John Marshall in strengthening the central
government, including the key decisions of the
Supreme Court - Marbury v. Madison, Gibbons v.
Ogden, and McCulloch v. Maryland. (H, P) 8.41
Explain the major events of Thomas Jeffersons
presidency, including his election in
1800, Louisiana Purchase, the defeat of the
Barbary pirates, and the Embargo Act. (E, G,
H) Thomas Jefferson Video
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Election of 1800

• Federalists- supported a strong central
  government
• Democratic-Republicans represented by Thomas
  Jefferson, feared a strong central government
• Thomas Jefferson Vs. Aaron Burr
• Radicals- people who take extreme political
  positions

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Jeffersons Campaign for the Presidency

• In 1800, Thomas Jefferson led the
  Democratic-Republicans as candidate for President
  of the USA.
• His running mate was Aaron Burr
• He faced off against John Adams of the Federalist
  Party along with Charles Pickney for vice
  president

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Campaigning

• Neither side traveled to gain support. Instead
  letters were sent and ads were posted in
  newspapers.
• It was a bitter campaign
• Both sides launched personal attacks
• Federalists called Jefferson godless even
  though he believed in freedom of religion
• Republicans said the Adams favored the wealthy
  and would bring back a monarchy.

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Electoral College

• Electors- electing groups of people
• Our representatives vote on our behalf
• At that time, the Constitution stated that each
  person would cast two ballot- but not
  specifically name a President or VP
• The candidate with the most would be President,
  the second place would be the VP
• 73 electors cast their ballots for Jefferson and
  Burr

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Electoral College

• Therefore each one got the same number of vote
• The House of Representatives had to make the
  deciding vote
• Federalist tried to keep Jefferson out of office
  by electing Burr, but Hamilton dislike Burr and
  persuaded some otherwise
• For 35 ballots they tied
• Finally, a representative of Delaware feared a
  Civil War would break out and voted for Jefferson

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The Election Results are In!

• Not wanting this to happen again, the 12th
  Amendment was passed stating that each elector
  would
• cast one ballot
• for president, and
• one for vice
• President.
• ??? Which areas tended
• to support Adams??

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Critical Thinking- Drawing Conclusions

• Why do you think Adams and Jefferson both had
  their support concentrated in particular regions
  of the country?
• Adamss supporters in New England and the
  mid-Atlantic states belonged to an industrial
  economy that supported a strong central
  government. Jeffersons supporters, mostly in the
  South, belonged to an agricultural economy that
  supported the idea of states rights and limited
  central government.

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Jefferson View of Government

• 3rd U.S. President
• (1801-1809)
• Aaron Burr V.P.
• George Clinton V.P.
• Wealthy plantation owner (Virginia)
• Tobacco (and hemp)
• Slavery
• Somewhat opposed

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Jefferson View of Government

• Promoted a common way of life
• Valued country living
• Wanted to avoid having too much government
• Believed the power of the central
• Government should be limited
• Attempts to appeal to the average
• American

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Jefferson View of Government

• Changes things up
• Reduces size of gov.
• He reduced the military, shrunk the Bank of the
  United States,
• Gets rid of king-like things
• Walks to White House
• Rides his own horse rather than a carriage
• Think Pair Share Based on his interests and
  skills, what qualities do you think Jefferson
• might have had???
• He was probably curious, open to new
• ideas, and creative

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Judiciary Act 1801

• After the election, but before Jefferson took
  office, John Adams tried to load down the courts
  with Federalists
• John Adams used the Judiciary Act of 1801 to make
  hundreds of appointments. He also asked John
  Marshall to the Chief Justice.
• Think Pair Share ???What would be the benefit of
  doing this???

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Federalists Prepare

• Congress and the courts would be under Federalist
  control and would still support Adams choices.
• Adams could then block Jefferson from making
  appointments
• Supreme court judges are appointed for life
• Adams appointees could not take effect until they
  received an official paper called a commission

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Marbury v. Madison

• When Jefferson took office, some of the
  appointees had not received the commission.
• Jefferson told Madison (the Secretary of State)
  not to deliver them.
• William Marbury was one who did not get his
• He asked the Supreme Court to rule for Madison to
  deliver it
• Court ruled it was not their jurisdiction, or
  legal authority, to do that
• Marbury argued that an act of Congress gave the
  courts power, but the Court ruled it was
  unconstitutional

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Marbury v. Madison

• During Jeffersons presidency the Federalists
  controlled the Supreme Court
• 1803 Marbury V. Madison principle of Judicial
  Review was introduced by Chief Justice John
  Marshall
• Constitution was the supreme law of the land
• Constitution must be followed when there is a
  conflict with any other law
• The judicial branch can declare laws
  unconstitutional

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This is inscribed on the Supreme Court Building
in Washington D.C. to show Marbury vs. Madison
played a huge role in displaying the power of
judicial review.
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John Marshall Supreme Court

• Marshall claimed the power of the courts to find
  acts of other branches unconstitutional
• He broadened the power of the Courts
• Expanded Federal power at the expense of the
  states
• Served a 24 year term
• Other noted cases McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons
  v. Ogden, Worchester v. Georgia

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McCulloch v. Maryland 1819

• Court held that Congress does not have implied
  powers and that states cannot tax the Federal
  government

Gibbons v. Ogden 1824

• The Court held that the federal law overrules
  state law in matters affecting more than one state

Worcester v. Georgia 1832

• The Court decided that states could not regulate
  Native Americans

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Your Assignment

• You are asked to create an instructional
  presentation (song, poem, play, etc.) that will
  describe the major decisions of the Supreme Court
  during John Marshalls office as Chief Justice.
• You must include the information on Marbury v.
  Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden,
  and Worcester v. Georgia
• You will have one week to complete this
• You may work alone, with a partner, or as a group
  of three or four

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Rubric and Example

• Marbury v. Madison Rap
• Instructional Video
• Rubric

  4 3 2 1
Court Cases Contains all court cases Only has 3 cases Only has 2 cases Only has one case
Grammar and Punctuation Has none, one, or two mistakes Has three or four mistakes Has five or six mistakes Has more than six mistakes
Creativity Colorful, original, understandable, informational   Has three of four Has two of four Has one of four
Self Score Completed all on own Had a little help Did not do much at all Did nothing
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Exit out the door

• Get out your clicker and answer the following
  questions
• Which statement reflects a principle of Judicial
  Review?
• State law takes precedence over federal law
• The constitution is the supreme law of the land
• Laws that conflict with the Constitution may
  stand
• The executive branch must uphold the constitution

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• Election of 1800
• Election of 2012

• Based on what you know about the original
  political parties, and the maps below, which
  Political party from 1800 would be similar to the
  Democratic party today?
• Federalists
• Democratic- Republican
• Republican
• Antifederalist