Earth - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Earth

Description:

Earth s Resources – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:68
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 39
Provided by: ECUG
Category:
Tags: earth | tapping

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Earth


1
Earths Resources
2
Renewable Resources
  • Can be replenished over fairly short time spans
    such as months, years or decades
  • Ex Plants, solar energy, wind, water

3
Nonrenewable Resource
  • takes millions of years to form and accumulate
  • Ex coal, copper, uranium, gold

4
What Are Fossil Fuels?
  • Anything past living materials that are found in
    the rock that is mined out as an energy resource

5
Types of Nonrenewable Energy Resources
  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Natural Gas
  • Uranium and Plutonium
  • Tar Sands and Oil Shale

6
Coal
  • Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the
    decomposition of organic materials (plant and
    animal remains) that have been exposed to heat
    and pressure found in the earth.
  • Coal is burned to produce electricity
  • PROS
  • High energy
  • Cost of coal is low
  • CONS
  • Dirties fuel
  • Releases CO2, SO2, NOx, as pollutants
  • Destroys the land

7
PEAT
LIGNITE
8
BITUMINOUS
ANTHRACITE
9
How is Coal extracted from the Earth?
  • Surface Mining Scoop ore off surface or earth.
  • cheap
  • safe for miners
  • large environmental destruction

10
How is Coal extracted from the Earth?
  • Underground Mining Use of shafts to reach deeply
    buried ores.
  • expensive
  • dangerous to miners
  • less environmental damage

11
How is Coal extracted from the Earth?
  • Mountaintop Removal entire mountaintops are
    blasted off in the Appalachian Mountains
  • Causes deforestation and mudslides
  • Pollutes the waterways

12
Oil
  • Deposits of crude oil containing hydrocarbons are
    often trapped within the earth's crust
  • Extracted by drilling a well
  • Refined as a gasoline product for fuels
  • PROS
  • High energy
  • Low cost for fuel
  • System is already in place to mine
  • CONS
  • Releases CO2, SO2, NOx, as pollutants
  • Environmental problems (Gulf and Exxon Valdeze)

13
Prince William Sound
14
Natural Gas
  • Natural gas is trapped in porous rock beneath the
    Earth above oil deposits
  • Mixture
  • 5090 Methane
  • Also Ethane, Propane, and Butane
  • PROS
  • Cleanest energy mined
  • Mine inside the Earth little land destroyed
  • CONS
  • Fracking wells injecting water and
    gets into well water
  • releases CO2 into atmosphere

15
Uranium and Plutonium
  • Nuclear reactors use mined Uranium to convert to
    Plutonium through fission (splitting of atoms)
  • Reactors can be designed to convert 238U into a
    fissionable isotope of plutonium, 239Pu
  • PROS
  • Large fuel supply
  • Low CO2 emissions
  • CONS
  • Accidents Japan and Chernobyl
  • Reactors last only 40 years
  • Expensive

16
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter1415.ppt
17
Tar Sands and Oil Shale
  • Tar Sand is a mixture of clay, sand, water and
    combustible bitumen (heavy oil with high sulfur
    content).
  • Oil shales contain kerogen which can be extracted
    from crushed oil shales by heating them to yield
    a distillate called shale oil.
  • PROS
  • Alternative when oil is depleted
  • Moderate energy
  • CONS
  • Destroys land when mined
  • Releases CO2, SO2, NOx, as pollutants

18
(No Transcript)
19
Years left of Resources in the World
Coal Oil Natural Gas
300 Years 35 to 50 Years 125 to 200 Years
20
What do you know about
  • Biofuels
  • Geothermal
  • Hydroelectric Power
  • Hydrogen Fuel Cells
  • Solar
  • Tidal Power
  • Wave Power
  • Wind

21
Biofuels
  • Uses plant material and animal waste to convert
    to a biofuel
  • Types of Biomass/fuels
  • Wood logs, Animal dung, Kelp, and Paper/cardboard
  • Pros
  • Tree farms can restore degraded lands
  • Large potential supply
  • Cons
  • CO2 emissions if harvested and not planted back
  • Soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of habitat

22
ECU 35 Biodiesel / Hybrid
23
ECU 51 BRT Clean Diesel Hybrid
24
Geothermal Energy
  • Energy is harnessed by tapping natural
    underground reservoirs of steam and hot water
  • hot water pulled from the earth is used directly
    for heating and to turn turbines to generate
    electric power
  • PROS
  • Available 24/7
  • Little emissions of CO2 and natural gas.
  • CONS
  • Only available near geological activity
  • Habitat destruction when building it

25
www.eren.doe.gov/power/consumer/
rebasics_geothermal.html
26
The Geysers
27
Hydroelectric
  • Water is stored behind a dam and released
    periodically by gravity. The falling water turns
    turbines which produce electricity.
  • Pros
  • Long life span
  • No CO2 emissions
  • Flood control method
  • Provides water for year round irrigation
  • Cons
  • Expensive
  • Converts land to water habitat
  • Danger of it collapsing
  • Decreases fish spawning

28
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
  • A device that converts chemical energy into
    electrical energy.
  • Splitting water atoms to extract the hydrogen for
    energy use.
  • PROS
  • No CO2 emissions
  • Safe
  • Low environmental impact
  • CONS
  • High cost
  • Doesnt last long when made
  • New energy not readily available

29
A typical hydrogen fuel cell
30
(No Transcript)
31
Solar Energy
  • Uses energy from the Sun to produce energy
  • Pros
  • Free
  • No CO2 emissions
  • Low air and water pollution
  • Cons
  • Need access to sun 60 of time
  • Need a heat storage system
  • Expensive system

32
Types of Solar Energy
Active system Collectors absorb solar energy, a
pump supplies part of a buildings heating or
water heating needs.
  • Passive system
  • Absorbs stores heat from the sun directly
    within a structure

33
Tidal Power
  • Pros
  • Know when daily high tides on the east coast
  • No CO2 emissions
  • Cons
  • Unreliable on west coast
  • Expensive equipment

Uses the force of water during a high tide to
turn a turbine to create energy. East coast
two high tides
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter1415.ppt
34
Tidal Dam
Why is a large tidal range need to produce power?
35
Wave energy
  • The motion of wind-driven waves at the oceans
    surface is converted into electricity.
  • Pros
  • No CO2 emissions
  • Works during day and night
  • Cons
  • Expensive
  • Machines break down and corrode in water

36
Wind Energy
  • Uses wind power to turn a turbine which creates
    energy
  • in the next 50 years, wind power could meet up to
    10 of the countrys demand for electricity
  • Pros
  • Highly efficient
  • Low environmental impact
  • No CO2 emissions
  • Quick construction
  • Cons
  • Need steady winds
  • noise pollution
  • Visual pollution
  • damage/death to animals (birds)

37
www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter1415.ppt
38
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com