The Cold War Continues: Korea, Eisenhower

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The Cold War Continues Korea, Eisenhowers
Foreign Policy, the Cuban Missile Crisis

• US History Spiconardi

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War in Korea

• The 38th Parallel
• After World War II Korea was divided into North
  South Korea due to Japanese invasion
• North Korea Communist Industrialized
• South Korea Non-communist rural

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War in Korea

• Standoff at the 38th Parallel
• In 1950 North Korea attacks South Korea
• Within days, North Korea was deep into South
  Korean territory.
• USA sees this as act of aggression
• South Korea goes to United Nations
• UN Security council votes to help South Korea
• US, Britain, Canada and 12 other nations join to
  stop invasion
• North Korea supported by China and U.S.S.R.

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War in Korea The See-Saw War
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War in Korea The See-Saw War
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Truman vs. MacArthur

• Truman appointed WII Pacific front hero Gen.
  McArthur commander in Korea
• Disagree over military strategies objectives
• McArthur publicly criticizes Truman
• Truman fires McArthur

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War in Korea

• Aftermath and Legacy
• First time UN gets involved in international
  crisis
• US would not only use economic aid in policy of
  containment, but take military action to contain
  communism
• North Korea
• Communist dictatorship under Kim Il Sung and then
  his son Kim Jong Il
• Development of nuclear weapons

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Eisenhowers Policies

• Massive Retaliation
• Eisenhower worried spending too much on the
  military would bankrupt the government, but
  didnt want to look weak to the Soviets
• Decides to focus military spending on nuclear
  weapons
• Massive Retaliation ? US would use nuclear
  weapons to stop aggression of USSR China
• Eisenhower simply means the ability to blow the
  hell out of them in a hurry if they start
  anything.
• Deterrence ? belief massive retaliation would
  deter USSR from hostile behavior

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Eisenhowers Policies

• Brinkmanship ? US would not back down from any
  threat even if it meant going to the brink of war
• Domino Theory ? small weak nations neighboring
  communist countries would fall to communism like
  a row of dominoes
• SEATO ? Treaty among USA, Great Britain,
  Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand,
  Philippines to protect against communist
  aggression

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Eisenhower's Policies Middle East

• Iran
• Prime minister of Iran moves to nationalize oil
  industry
• US, via the CIA, overthrows prime minister and
  restores the shah to secure Americas oil supply
• The Eisenhower Doctrine ? US pledged to help any
  Middle Eastern nation resisting communist
  aggression
• In 1958 Lebanon and Jordan ask for help both US
  and GB send troops to restore order

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Sputnik

• In 1957, Soviets launch a satellite into space,
  Sputnik, and fire the first intercontinental
  ballistic missile (ICBM)
• US enters the space race
• US rushed to get their own satellites into space
  and developed the NASA program

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Military-Industrial Complex

• Upon reflecting about leaving office, Eisenhower
  issued a warning to America
• This conjunction of an immense military
  establishment and a large arms industry is new in
  the American experiencethe influence of the
  military-industrial complex could threaten the
  nations democratic process.

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Kennedy Latin America

• JFK proposed sending 20 billion in aid to Latin
  America
• Problem is the money went to anti-communist
  repressive governments
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
• CIA trains Cuban exiles to invade Cuba
  overthrow Fidel Castro
• INVASION FAILED
• Embarrassed JFK and US
• Castro knew of invasion

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Cuban Missile Crisis

• USSR places ICBM in Cuba pointed towards US
• US finds out and Kennedy issues naval blockade of
  Cuba
• Blockade ? prevent supplies from getting to an
  opposing force
• Despite having missiles in Turkey pointed at
  Moscow, JFK demands Khrushchev remove missiles
  from Cuba
• At the deadline Khrushchev agrees as long as US
  leaves Cuba alone takes down missiles in Turkey

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Cuban Missile Crisis
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