Section II: Louis XIV Rules France (Pages 392-396)

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Section II Louis XIV Rules France(Pages
392-396)

• This section is about
• The conflicts over religion during the sixteenth
  century as well as the negotiations that helped
  resolve the conflicts.
• The reign of Louis XIV and his influence on
  French culture, and his interactions with and
  influences on foreign nations.

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• This section is mostly about one person we
  havent had that too much.
• Look at the Main Ideas on 392.
• We should also look at the top right of 392
  Active Reading Summarize.
• This section starts with something were familiar
  with Protestants but in France the Calvinist
  Protestants were called Huguenots

The Eight Beatitudes
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Religious Conflict

• In the 1500s, many French nobles were Protestant
  Huguenots (more than 1/3).
• Many of the French monarchs (King Francis I and
  King Henry II) were Roman Catholics and they
  would sometimes burn the Protestants at the stake
  (for heresy).
• From 1560-1600, there were 9 civil wars in France
  over which would be more powerful.
• At one point, Henry II and Charles IX ordered a
  massacre (of thousands) of Huguenots.
• This is known as the Saint Bartholomew's day
  Massacre after the day it started.
• One of the main Huguenot leaders (Henry of
  Navarre) only survived by renouncing his
  protestant religion.

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Catherine de' Medici is shown emerging from the
Château du Lou (Mother of King Charles)
Admiral Coligny's body hanging out of a window
(Huguenot Leader)
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Henry IV and Cardinal Richelieu

• This all led to even more war.
• The Spanish came to help the Roman Catholics.
• This bothered many small Protestant towns.
• Both sides eventually realized they should get
  along and they stopped fighting.
• Their new leader was Henry of Navarre who
  became a Protestant again.
• When Henry III was assassinated, Henry of Navarre
  became the next king of France (as Henry IV).

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• Henry IV was going to re-unify the country (even
  though it was about 1/3 Huguenot and 2/3 Roman
  Catholic).
• He rejected his Protestant faith (yes, again),
  became Roman catholic, and begged the Pope for
  forgiveness.
• He issued the Edict of Nantes which encouraged
  religious tolerance in France.
• In 1619, he was succeeded by his son.
• But because his son (Louis XIII) was just 9 years
  old, the chief minister of France (Cardinal
  Richelieu) managed the country for a while.
• Since he was Roman Catholic, he changed the Edict
  of Nantes.
• He also put the power of France back into the
  hands of a single person a monarch (the King)

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Louis XIV The Sun KingThe Great Monarch

• When Louis XIII died, his son was just 5.
• Same thing again a Cardinal took over for a
  while, but when he died, Louis XIV did take over
  (at 23).
• Just like his grandfather (Henry IV), he believed
  in absolute monarchy (all power comes from God
  and Kings are Gods representatives on earth).
• Louis XIV believed in peace at home and war
  abroad quadrupling the size of his army (which
  cost a lot of money).
• Louis XIV also cancelled the Edict of Nantes
  and many Protestants left the country so they
  wouldnt have to become Catholics.

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A Grand Palace

• Louis XIV built a new palace at Versailles
  (about 10 miles outside Paris).
• Versailles had hundreds of rooms filled with
  tapestries, chandeliers, dazzling mirrors,
  gardens, fountains, elaborate landscaping, marble
  statues, etc
• This was more than a residence it was a symbol
  of the monarchy of France
• Louis XIV was even described as the Sun King.
• Another part of Versailles everything was done
  with great ceremony (as in the on page 394).

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Arts and Culture Under Louis XIV
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• The art style of the times and of Louis XIV is
  called the Baroque style (ornate decoration).
• The literature and painting of the time are
  called neo-classical (after the Greeks and
  Romans).
• Writing (literature and drama) Pierre
  Corneille, Jean Racine, and Jean Baptiste
  Poquelin (Moliere).
• Science and Philosophy Descartes (mathematics)
  and Blaise Pascal (science and religion). These
  ideas were based on skepticism doubting and/or
  challenging knowledge

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France and the Rest of Europe

• The greatest significance of this time period
  things that had to do with power and the balance
  of power.
• Everyone wanted power, without letting any one
  state get too much of it and taking over a region.

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Louis XIVs Foreign Policy
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• At home Louis XIV wanted peace.
• Away from home almost constant wars.
• He didnt want he Hapsburgs too have any more
  power (they were close to surrounding France).
• When King Charles II of Spain died, he gave all
  his lands to Louis XIVs grandson.
• England didnt want them to have all that land,
  so they fought for it.
• England won and the agreement was that Spain and
  Frances thrones would never be united.

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Finish the rest on your own
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The Legacy of Louis XIV

• Louis XIV unified France.
• He made France a great power.
• He expanded French culture even beyond Europe.
• His projects (Versailles) and his wars cost a lot
  of money.
• This money came from taxpayers, who were becoming
  very poor and angry (often on the edge of
  starvation).
• He was King of France for 72 years so long that
  when he died, his great grandson (5 years old
  though) inherited the throne (longest reigning
  monarch in European history).

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This is the last slide for today
Make sure page "C" is completed
The Carriages of Versailles
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