Water%20Hardness%20Notes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Water%20Hardness%20Notes

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Water Hardness Notes Applied Chemistry Atom Unit Water Hardness A. Definition: water hardness is a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in water. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Water%20Hardness%20Notes


1
Water Hardness Notes
  • Applied Chemistry
  • Atom Unit

2
Water Hardness
  • A. Definition water hardness is a measure of
    the amount of salts dissolved in water.
  • 1. Salts dissolved in water to produce ions,
    which are charged particles.
  • Salts are present in the ground as minerals.
  • Surface water usually contains low levels of
    hard-water ions.

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4
Water Hardness
  • Ground water that flows through limestone,
    dolomite, magnesite, or gypsum dissolve salts
    that result in high levels of hard-water ions.
  • Hard-water ions include Ca2, Mg2, or Fe3

5
Measurement water is usually tested for Ca2
  • Units
  • Parts per million ppm
  • 1 milligram per liter 1 ppm
  • Grains per gallon
  • 1 grain/gallon 17 ppm

6
Measurement
  • Range of values
  • Soft water less than 120 ppm
  • Moderately hard water 120-350 ppm
  • Very hard water over 350 ppm

7
Types of Hardness
  • Temporary hardness is hardness that can be
    removed by boiling
  • Permanent hardness is hardness that cannot be
    removed by boiling

8
Hard Water Use
  • 1. Need more soap for cleaning.
  • 2. Forms scum when hard-water ions react with
    soap.
  • 3. Forms scale, a build-up in tea kettles and hot
    water heaters.

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10
Treatment of Hard Water
  • 1. Water softeners are installed within your home
    plumbing.
  • These units contain an ion exchange resin which
    are tiny, insoluble, porous beads.
  • Hard water passes over the ion exchange resin and
    the unwanted Ca2, Mg2, and Fe3 are exchanged,
    or traded, for Na1.
  • Health concern increased levels of sodium in
    your diet.
  • Solution by-pass on kitchen sink

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