Assessment Of Growth And Development By Dr. Hanan Said Ali

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Assessment Of Growth And DevelopmentByDr. Hanan
Said Ali
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Learning Objectives Define of growth Define
of development Identify factors influencing
growth and development Enumerate stages of
growth and development Identify age periods
and developmental tasks
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What Is The Meaning Of Growth ?Is a physical
changes and increase in size. Indicators of
growth include height , weight ,bone size , and
dentition. The growth rate is rapid during the
prenatal, neonatal, infancy, and adolescent
stages. The rate is slows during childhood.
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What Is The Meaning Of Development ? Is an
increase in the complexity of function and skill
progression.Development is the behavioural
aspect of growth(e.g., person develops the
ability to walk , talk, and to run)
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N.B.Growth and development are independent,
interrelated processes For example, an infants
muscles, bones, and nervous system must grow to a
certain point before the infant can sit up or
walk.Growth generally takes place during the
20 years of life development continues after
that.
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What Are Factors That Influencing Growth And
Development ?The factors that influence growth
and development are genetic and environmental.
1-GeneticThe genetic inheritance of an
individual is established at conception. It
remains unchanged throughout life and determines
such characteristic as
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a- gender.b- Physical Characteristics (e.g., eye
colour, potential height) c- Temperament
(e.g., response to stimuli in the
environment).2- Environmental Factors Family ,
climate , culture , school , nutrition
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What Are The Stages Of Growth And Development
?1- Neonatal (Birth to 28 days). Behaviour is
largely reflexive and develops more purposeful
behaviour.2- Infancy (1month to1 year )
Physical growth is rapid3- Toddlerhood (1 to 3
years) Motor development permits increased
physical autonomy. Psychosocial skills increase
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4- Preschool(3 to 6 years) New experiences and
the preschoolers social role are tried
during play. Physical growth is slower.5-
School Age (6 to 12 years) Peer group
increasingly influences behaviour. Physical
,cognitive, and social development
increases. Communication skills are improved.
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6- Adolescence (12 to 20 years) Self concept
changes with biologic development. Values are
tested. Physical growth accelerates. Stress
increases, especially in face of conflicts.7-
Young adulthood ( 20 to 40) A personal
lifestyle develops. Person establishes a
relationship with a significant other and a
commitment to something.
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8- Middle adulthood (40 to 65) Lifestyle
changes due to other changes for example,
children leave home, occupational
goals change.9- Older adulthoodA- Young-
old (65 to 74) Adaptation to retirement and
changing physical abilities is often
necessary. Chronic illness may develop.
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B- Middle- old (75 to 84 years) Adaptation to
decline in speed of movement, reaction
time. Increasing dependence on others may be
necessary. C- Old-old (85 and over)
Increasing physical problems may develop.
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Age Periods and Developmental TasksA- Infancy
and early childhood1- Learning to walk.2-
Learning to take solid foods.3- Learning to
talk.4- Learning to control the elimination
of body wastes.
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5- Learning sex differences and sexual
modesty.6- Achieving psychologic stability.7-
Forming simple concepts of social and
physical reality.8- Learning to relate
emotionally to parents, siblings, and other
people9- Learning to distinguish right from
wrong.
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B- Middle childhood1- Learning physical skills
necessary for ordinary games.2- Learning
to get along with age- mates.3- Building
wholesome attitudes towards oneself.4-
Learning an appropriate masculine or or
feminine social role.
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5- Developing fundamental skills in
reading, writing, and calculating.6- Developing
conscience ,and morality. 7- Achieving
personal independence.8- Developing attitudes
toward social groups and institutions.
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C- Adolescence1- Achieving new and more mature
relations with age- mates of both
sexes.2- Achieving emotional independence from
parents and other adults.3- Achieving
assurance of economic independence.4-
Selecting and preparing for an occupation.
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5- Preparing for marriage and family
life.6- Developing intellectual skills .7-
Desiring and achieving socially
responsible behaviour.8- Acquiring a set of
values and an ethical system as guide to
behaviour
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D- Early adulthood1- Selecting mate.2- Learning
to live with a partner.3- starting a family.4-
Rearing children
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5- Managing a home.6- Getting started in the
occupation.7- Taking on civic responsibility.8-
Finding a congenial social group.
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E- Middle Age1- Achieving adult civic and social
responsibility.2- Establishing and
maintaining an economic standard of
living.3- Developing adult leisure-time
activities.4- Adjusting to aging parents
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F- Later Maturity1- Adjusting to decreasing
physical strength and health.2- adjusting
to retirement and reduced income.3-
Adjusting to death of a spouse.4- Meeting social
and civil obligations.5- Establishing
satisfactory physical living arrangements.
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Thank You