Roman Republic - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Roman Republic

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Title: Roman Republic


1
Roman Republic
2
Geography
  • Rome is located on the peninsula of Italy. The
    Mediterranean Sea provides transportation and
    food.
  • Italy provides fertile plains and river valleys
    for food and easy communication.

3
Roman Religious Ideals
  • Romans were polytheistic, believing in many gods
    and spirits.
  • Knowledge of the Greek Gods filtered into Roman
    culture. This is known as cultural diffusion.
  • The Greek God Zeus became the almighty Roman God
    Jupiter.
  • The Greek Goddess Hera became the Roman Goddess
    Juno.

4
The Roman Republic
  • Rome was founded about 509 BCE. Romans founded a
    new type of government called a republic. In a
    republic people chose officials to represent
    them.
  • The highest form of government in Rome was the
    Senate. Senators were wealthy landowners (called
    Patricians.)

5
The Roman Republic Cont
  • The senators elected two Consuls, whose job it
    was to run the government and command the army.

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7
Romans Valued Family Ties
  • Roman families were headed by the eldest male.
    The Romans emphasized discipline, strength, and
    loyalty.
  • Women had many rights and duties in Roman
    society. She did not, however have the key
    right, the right to vote.
  • Officially, the Roman women were expected to
    remain in the background.

8
Society was Divided Into Classes
  • Upper class Romans were known as patricians.
    These people held nearly all the important
    political offices.
  • Common framers, artisans, and merchants were
    known as plebeians.
  • These two classes were based on birth alone. The
    line between the two classes was extremely rigid.

9
Rome Built a Mighty Army
  • Both patricians and plebeians lead double lives
    as farmers and soldiers because of the constant
    threat of war.
  • All male citizens were required to serve in the
    army, and no one could hold public office until
    he served 10 years as a soldier.

10
Rome Built a Mighty Army
  • Massive military units were called legions.
    Which consisted of
  • Infantry 4,000-6,000 Heavily armed foot
    soldiers.
  • Cavalry Smaller groups on horseback that
    assisted the infantry.
  • Each legion was divided into 60 smaller groups
    called a century.

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12
A Fight with Carthage
  • By 270 BC Rome had conquered all of Italy. They
    went on to control northern Africa (Carthage),
    Greece and parts of Asia Minor. But the
    expansion also led to much corruption.

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14
Julius Caesar
  • Caesar came to power in 48 BCE. Under Julius
    Caesar Rome conquered many lands.
  • Caesar also reformed the government, founded
    libraries and planned public work projects.

15
Caesar Murdered
  • Caesar was murdered in 44BCE by a group of Roman
    aristocrats who feared his power and did not want
    a dictator.

16
Augustus
  • After Julius Caesar died, his grandnephew,
    Octavian (Augustus) took over.
  • Augustus ruled with absolute power. This began
    the Roman Empire period during which Rome was
    ruled by a series of emperors.

17
  • Under Augustus Rome enjoyed a peaceful period
    that lasted about 200 years. This was referred
    to as the Pax Romana.
  • The government maintained order, enforced laws,
    defended the borders and helped the poor. Many
    public works projects were conducted, such as
    aqueducts, canals and roads.

18
  • Solid paved roads were built to assist trade and
    communication around the empire. Many still
    exist today.

19
  • Roman aqueducts were incredible works of
    engineering and architecture.
  • The aqueducts could carry up to 300 million
    gallons of water to the city of Rome every day.

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  • Roman architecture borrowed Greek elements, but
    made them more grand and heavy.
  • Roman architects designed arches and domes that
    could carry great weights.

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27
The Colosseum
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35
Cultural Contributions
  • Roman poets, historians and philosophers like
    Virgil and Tacitus wrote works in Latin that
    survive to this day.
  • Latin is the root of several modern languages.
  • Roman numerals can also be seen in many places
    today.

36
Legal Contributions
  • The most valued contribution of the Romans to the
    world was the Twelve Tables of written laws.
  • The Roman legal system provided security for the
    empire, equality under the law, the right to a
    defense and to be considered innocent until
    proven guilty.
  • The Roman legal system inspired legal principles
    still practiced around the world today.

37
Decline and Fall
  • Rome wasnt built in a day and it took a long
    time to decline. Eventually the emperor
    Diocletian divided the empire into eastern and
    western empires.
  • While the western empire fell into chaos and was
    invaded, the eastern empire survived as a center
    of trade and culture and became the Byzantine
    Empire.

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39
Decline and Fall
Invasions of Visigoths and Germanic tribes
Governmental Corruption, People stop Supporting
the government
Causes of the Fall of Rome
Heavy taxes, Shrinking middle Class, Not enough
farmers
Population decline From war and Famine, People
got lazy
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