TEFL METHODOLOGY

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LING 306 TEFL METHODOLOGY

• TEFL METHODOLOGY

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Approach

• Refers to theories about the nature of language
  and language learning.
• Three theoretical views of language-
• Structural view
• Functional view
• Interactional view

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Theory of Language Learning

• What are psycholinguistic and cognitive processes
  involved in language learning?
• What are the conditions that need to be met in
  order for these learning processes to be
  activated?
• Process oriented theories build on learning
  processes e.g. habit formation, induction,
  inferencing, hypothesis testing, and
  generalization.
• Condition oriented theories emphasize the nature
  of human and physical context in which language
  learning takes place.

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Monitor Model

• Developed by Stephen D. Krashen.
• Example of a learning theory on which a method
  has been built (Natural Approach).
• Addresses both the process and condition
  dimensions of learning.
• Distinguishes between acquisition and learning.
• Addresses conditions necessary for the process of
  acquisition- in terms of the type of input.
• Input must be comprehensible, slightly above the
  learners level of competence, interesting or
  relevant, not grammatically sequenced, sufficient
  quantity, and in low anxiety context.

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Acquisition and Learning

• Acquisition- natural assimilation of language
  rules through using language for communication.
• Learning- formal study of language rules and is a
  conscious process. Learning is available as a
  monitor.

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Natural Approach

• Developed by Tracy D. Terrell (1977)
• A method derived primarily from a learning theory
  rather than from a particular view of language.
• The learning theory specifies both processes and
  conditions.

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Counseling Learning and The Silent Way

• By Charles A. Curran
• Focus primarily on the conditions necessary for
  successful learning without specifying what the
  learning process themselves are.
• Atmosphere of the classroom is a crucial factor.
• Seeks to eliminate feelings of intimidation and
  insecurity.

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Total Physical Response (1977)

• Developed by James Asher.
• A method that derives primarily from a learning
  theory rather than a theory of the nature of
  language.
• Addresses the process and the condition aspects
  of learning.
• Based on the belief that child language learning
  is based on coordinating language with actions.

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The Silent Way (1972)

• Developed by Caleb Gattegno
• Built around a theory of the conditions necessary
  for successful learning to be realized.
• Addresses learners needs to feel secure about
  learning.
• Learners assume conscious control of learning.
• Learners are trained to consciously use their
  intelligence to increase learning potential.

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Theory of Language Learningvs.Theory of Language

• Structuralism (a linguistic theory) behaviorism
  (a learning theory) Audio lingualism.
• Approach concerns with theoretical
  principles.
• Language theory language competence
  linguistic organization and language use.
• Learning theory central processes of
  learning and conditions believed to promote
  successful language learning.

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Teaching Method

• May or may not result from principles.
• Teaching method can be influenced and developed
  from views of language and a particular theory of
  learning.
• It may be constantly revised, modified on the
  basis of learners performance, and reactions to
  instructional practice.