Collapse of Communism

1
Collapse of Communism
2
What two factors caused the Soviet Unions
collapse?

• Internal problems
• External pressures

3
What internal problems contributed to the
collapse of the Soviet Union?
4

• Increasing Soviet military expenses to compete
  with the United States
• Rising nationalism in the Soviet republics
• Fast-paced reforms, like the shift to a market
  economy
• Economic inefficiency
• Gorbachevs policies of glasnost and perestroika

5
What Republican became president in 1981?

• Ronald Reagan

6
What American president called the Soviet Union
an evil empire?

• Ronald Reagan

7
What president challenged the moral legitimacy
(authority) of the Soviet Union?

• President Ronald Reagan

8
What was the basis of President Reagans defense
policy?

• A massive military buildup

9
What was the effect of President Reagans
military buildup on American relations with the
Soviet Union?

• It increased tension between the United States
  and the Soviet Union.

10
What action did President Reagan take in Western
Europe during his first term?

• Reagan placed new nuclear missiles in Western
  Europe.

11
How did the renewal of the arms race with the
United States affect the Soviet Union during
President Reagans presidency?
12

• It forced the Soviet Union to increase its
  military budget to keep up with the United States.

13
What was the state of the communist economy in
the Soviet Union during the early 1980s?

• Inefficient

14
Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in
1985? This leader was known for the policies of
Glasnost and Perestroika.

• Mikhail Gorbachev

15
What was the two-fold purpose of Gorbachevs new
policies?

• 1) Revive the Soviet economy
• 2) Reform the Soviet system

16
What is the Russian word for openness?

• Glasnost

17
Name Gorbachevs policy of encouraging freedom of
expression in the Soviet Union.

• Glasnost

18
What Russian word referred to restructuring
Soviet society?

• Perestroika

19
What types of economic and political changes did
Gorbachev want to occur in Soviet society?
20

• 1) Less government control over the economy
• 2) Some private enterprise
• 3) Steps toward democracy

21
What type of restructuring did Perestroika do?

• Economic restructuring

22
What expectations did Gorbachevs new policies
raise among the Soviet people?

• 1) Higher standard of living
• 2) Increased freedom

23
How did Gorbachevs reforms affect the Soviet
system?

• They placed more internal pressure on communism.

24
With what movement did Gorbachev have to deal
inside the Soviet Union?

• Nationalism in the Soviet republics

25
What were the two sources of external pressure on
the Soviet government under Gorbachev?

• 1) East European satellites
• 2) President Reagan

26
What kind of pressure on the Soviet Union did
President Reagan increase?

• Military pressure
• Economic pressure

27
What countries were Soviet satellites after World
War II?

• The countries of Eastern Europe

28
What does one call a nation that is formally
independent, but dominated by another power?

• A satellite

29
What was the name of the revolutionary labor
movement in Poland during the 1980s?

• The Solidarity movement

30
Who said, Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall?

• President Ronald Reagan

31
What structure divided East Berlin from West
Berlin during the Cold War?

• The Berlin Wall

32
What was the best known symbol of the Cold War?

• The Berlin Wall

33
What was the communist part of Berlin during the
Cold War?

• East Berlin

34
What was the democratic part of Berlin during the
Cold War?

• West Berlin

35
What government built the Berlin Wall?

• East Germany

36
Why was the Berlin Wall built?

• To prevent people from escaping from communist
  East Berlin to democratic West Berlin

37
What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989?

• It was torn down.

38
What happened in Germany in 1990?

• East Germany and West Germany reunited under the
  democratic West German government.

39
What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991?

• It fell apart or collapsed.

40
What were the three Baltic republics?

• Estonia
• Latvia
• Lithuania

41
What action did the Baltic republics take in 1991?

• They declared their independence from the Soviet
  Union.

42
What precedent did the Baltic republics set in
1991?

• Other Soviet republics declared their
  independence from the Soviet Union.

43
What political party was dismantled in the Soviet
Union in 1991?

• The Soviet communist party

44
What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day,
1991?

• He resigned and declared the Soviet Union had
  ended.

45
What war, which began in 1945, ended by the end
of 1991?

• The Cold War