Schizophrenia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Schizophrenia

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By: Sheryl Acuna, Neil de Guzman, Joyce Hu, Andy Kim, Austin Harcarik – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Schizophrenia


1
Schizophrenia
  • By Sheryl Acuna, Neil de Guzman, Joyce Hu, Andy
    Kim, Austin Harcarik

2
Causes of Schizophrenia
  • Genes and environment
  • a. According to experts, schizophrenia is caused
    by many factors.
  • b. Schizophrenia runs in families.
  • c. Illness is present in one percent of the
    general population. People who have first and
    second-degree relatives with schizophrenia are
    more likely to develop the disorder then the
    general population.
  • d. Scientists suppose that numerous genes are
    related to a greater risk of schizophrenia. No
    gene, however, causes the disease by itself.
  • e. Contemporary studies propose that
    schizophrenia may occur in part when a certain
    gene that is important to producing significant
    brain chemicals malfunctions.
  • f. Interactions between genes and the
    environment are essential for schizophrenia to
    develop.
  • g. Environmental factors that can be involved
    include exposure to viruses or malnutrition
    before birth, problems before birth, and other
    unknown psychosocial factors.

3
Causes of Schizophrenia (continued)
  • B. Different brain chemistry and structure
  • a. An imbalance in the chemical reactions of the
    brain involving the neurotransmitters dopamine
    and glutamate, and potentially others, plays a
    role in schizophrenia.
  • b. The appearance of the brain for those who
    have schizophrenia differ from those without the
    disorder. For example, people with schizophrenia
    have larger ventricles.

4
This is a comparison of an MRI scan of 28-year
old male identical twins. The image on the left
is the twin without schizophrenia, and the image
on the right is the twin with schizophrenia. As
you can see, the twin with schizophrenia has
enlarged brain ventricles. Identical twin studies
on schizophrenia have made it apparent that there
are a lot more factors than genetics that are
involved.
5
Paranoid Schizophrenia
  • Symptoms
  •     
  • Auditory hallucinations (Visual hallucinations
    are rare)
  • Delusions (Example Having belief that someone is
    plotting to kill them)
  •   Anxiety
  •   Anger 
  •   Detachement 
  •   Aggression and violence Quarrels
  • Condescension.
  • Suicidal thoughts and behavior 

6
Causes
  • Genetics 
  • Viral infection - if the fetus is exposed to a
    viral infection
  • Fetal malnutrition - if the fetus suffers from
    malnutrition during the mother's pregnancy
  • Stress during early life - experts say that
    severe stress early on in life may be a
    contributory factor towards the development of
    schizophrenia.
  • Childhood abuse or trauma
  •  Parental age when baby is born - older parents
    have a higher risk of having children who
    subsequently develop schizophrenia, compared to
    younger parents.
  • Drugs
  •  Experts think that an imbalance of dopamine,
    serotonin, or other neurotransmitters. They also
    believe that this imbalance is most probably
    caused by your genes making you susceptible to
    the illness.

7
Treatment
  • Drugs (Medication- antipsychotic drugs,
    antidepressant, an anti-anxiety drug, or a
    mood-stabilizing medication)
  • Psychotherapy
  • Hospitalization
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy
  • Vocational Skills Training

8
Disorganized Schizophrenia
  • An extreme expression of the disorganization
    syndrome that is a part of the three-factor model
    of schizophrenia
  • Characterized by prominent disorganized behavior
    and speech, as well as inappropriate emotion

9
Symptoms
  • Unlike most types of schizophrenia, delusions and
    hallucinations are not the most prominent feature
    in disorganized schizophrenia, but they can still
    be present
  • Inappropriate show of emotion (laughing in a
    situation not intended to be comical), or a
    complete lack of emotion
  • Speech/behavioral dysfunction

10
Presentation
  • Disorganized speech
  • Slipping from one topic to the next, even in
    midsentence
  • Irrelevant responses to questions
  • Gibberish words
  • Stopping in the middle of sentences
  • Caused by abnormal/illogical thought processes

11
Presentation
  • Disorganized Behavior
  • inability to initiate a goal-oriented task
  • in severe cases, inability to perform basic
    tasks like fixing a meal or showering
  • may dress bizarrely, such as wearing layers of
    clothes on a hot day
  • may neglect personal hygiene and have a strange
    appearance

12
Residual Schizophrenia
  • experiences delusions, hearing voices, and/or
    showing some signs of disorganized speech, but
    the intensity has decreased significantly. The
    symptoms are no longer as severe as they were
    when he or she was acutely ill, but indicators of
    the disorder are still shown
  • may have strange beliefs
  • if hallucinations or delusions occur, he or she
    does not have strong emotions associated with it
  • the rarest among the five different types of
    schizophrenia

13
Residual Schizophrenia (continued)
  • diagnosed when a person had a period of at least
    1 month but not more than six months during which
    the intensity and frequency of florid symptoms
    such as delusions and hallucinations have been
    minimal or reduced significantly
  • diagnosed when a person shows prominent "negative
    symptoms" such as underactivity and poor eye
    contact and voice modulation
  • absence of dementia or other organic brain
    disease or disorder that explains the negative
    impairments
  • positive symptoms include talking in made-up
    language and disorganized thoughts and behaviors
  • negative symptoms include lack of interest in
    daily life and withdrawing from others

14
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
  • When a person has symptoms of schizophrenia that
    are not adequately formed or distinct enough to
    allow classification of the illness into one of
    the other subtypes, that person is diagnosed with
    the undifferentiated subtype.
  • The symptoms of a person can change at individual
    points in time, leading to uncertainty as to the
    correct subtype classification.
  • Because undifferentiated schizophrenia relies on
    forming the slowly progressive development of the
    characteristic negative symptoms of
    schizophrenia, it is a difficult diagnosis to
    make with any certainty.
  • The symptoms for undifferentiated schizophrenia
    meet Criterion A, but they do not meet for the
    Paranoid, Disorganized, or Catatonic Type.

15
Fin
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