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Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 14

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Title: Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 14


1
Psychology 320 Psychology of Gender and Sex
DifferencesLecture 14
2
Office Hour InvitationsOctober 14th, 1130-1230
Kenny 2517
25393117 26448100 33936105 36896033 37776101 63713
085 68397082 71555064
3
From last class .
Prejudice Refers to the positive or negative
affective reaction that people have toward others
because of their group membership. Prejudice
associated with sex and gender is sexism.
4
Gender Stereotypes
1. What are the consequences of gender
stereotypes? (continued)
5
By the end of todays class, you should be able
to
1. define the terms hostile sexism and
benevolent sexism.
2. identify measures of hostile sexism and
benevolent sexism.
3. identify sex differences in and correlates of
hostile sexism and benevolent sexism.
4. define the term sex discrimination.
6
What are the consequences of gender stereotypes?
(continued)
1. Sexism (continued)
  • HS and BS are assessed by the Ambivalent Sexism
    Inventory (ASI Glick and Fiske, 1996).

7
Your Questionnaire ASI(Glick and Fiske, 1996)
  • Score 1 Hostile sexism score.
  • Score 2 Benevolent sexism score.

8
ASI Descriptive Statistics(Glick and Fiske,
1996)
Scale Score Range Mean for Females Mean for Males
HS 0-5 1.73 (SD.84) 2.38 (SD.78)
BS 0-5 2.20 (SD.84) 2.53 (SD.74)
  • Cronbachs alphas, HS, BS .80, .77.
  • Correlations between HS and BS .31 (males),
    .45 (females).

9
  • Glick et al. (2000) administered the ASI to
    participants in 19 countries (e.g., Australia,
    Botswana, Cuba, Germany, Japan, the
    Netherlands, South Korea, US)

(a) HS and BS are positively correlated with one
another.
(b) Males obtain higher scores on HS than
females.
10
(c) Males obtain higher scores on BS than
females.
(d) HS and BS scores among males are positively
correlated with HS and BS scores among females.
(e) National scores on HS and BS among males and
females are negatively correlated with national
scores on gender equality.
11
Correlations Between ASI Averages and National
Indices of Gender Equality(Glick et al., 2000)
ASI Subscale GDI GEM
Mens Averages Mens Averages Mens Averages
HS -.47 -.53
BS -.40 -.43
Womens Averages Womens Averages Womens Averages
HS .03 -.38
BS -.32 -.42
GDIGender-Related Development Index GEMGender
Empowerment Measureplt.05, plt.10 (marginally
significant)
12
  • Sexism toward men is less well studied than
    sexism toward women.
  • Two forms of sexism toward men have been
    identified Hostile sexism (HM) and benevolent
    sexism (BM).
  • HM and BM are assessed by the Ambivalence
    Toward Men Inventory (AMI Glick and Fiske,
    1999).

13
Your Questionnaire AMI(Glick and Fiske, 1999)
  • Score 1 Hostile sexism (toward men) score.
  • Score 2 Benevolent sexism (toward men) score.

14
AMI Descriptive Statistics(Glick and Fiske,
1999)
Scale Score Range Mean for Females Mean for Males
HM 0-5 2.38 (SD.91) 1.84 (SD.89)
BM 0-5 1.50 (SD.91) 1.93 (SD.95)
  • Cronbachs alphas, HM, BM .86, .83.
  • Correlations between HM and BM .65 (males),
    .39 (females).
  • Correlations between ASI and AMI .69 (males),
    .76 (females).

15
  • Glick et al. (2004) administered the AMI to
    participants in 16 countries (e.g., Argentina,
    Australia, England, Italy, Mexico, Singapore,
    Syria, Taiwan, Turkey)

(a) HM and BM were positively correlated with
one another.
(b) Females obtained higher scores on HM than
males.
16
(c) Males obtained higher scores on BM than
females.
(d) HS and BS scores among males were positively
correlated with HM and BM scores among females.
(e) National scores on HM and BM were negatively
correlated with national scores on gender
equality.
17
Correlations Between AMI Averages and National
Indices of Gender Equality(Glick et al., 2000)
AMI Subscale GDI GEM
Mens Averages Mens Averages Mens Averages
HM -.51 -.45
BM -.62 -.63
Womens Averages Womens Averages Womens Averages
HM -.65 -.66
BM -.53 -.56
GDIGender-Related Development Index GEMGender
Empowerment Measureplt.05, plt.01
18
2. Sex Discrimination
  • Refers to the differential treatment of
    individuals based on their sex.
  • Examples
  • 2004 Class-action law suit, Betty Dukes et al.
    vs. Walmart.

19
Gender Stereotypes
1. What are the consequences of gender
stereotypes? (continued)
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