The Development of the Greek City-States

1
The Development of the Greek City-States

• Independent city-states developed in Greece as
  the Hellenic age began.

• The arrangement of the geography of Greece
  encouraged the development of small and separated
  communities.

• City-states grew out of earlier village that had
  been built on mountains and scattered islands.

2
Athens and Sparta
Qualities of the City-States

• Independent communities

• Had forts on hills and mountaintops built for
  protection

• City states are also called Polis

3
Laconia Attica
Athens vs Sparta Greek city-states
4
ATHENS vs. SPARTA
5
MILITARY

• The Spartan warrior was the most feared soldier
  in Greece
• The Athenian trireme allowed the navy to protect
  the Athenian way of life

6
Social structure

• ATHENS
• FREEMEN
• ARISTOCRATS
• SMALL FARMERS
• URBAN CRAFTSMEN TRIREME ROWERS
• METICS CAME FROM OUTSIDE ATHENS NOT ALLOWED TO
  OWN LAND
• SLAVES LOWEST CLASS, NO RIGHTS, PROPERTY OF
  MASTERS

• SPARTA
• SPARTIATES MILITARY PROFESSIONALS/ CITIZENS
• OUTSIDERS FREEMEN ARTISANS, CRAFTSMEN,
  MERCHANTS
• HELOTS CONQUERED PEOPLES TREATED LIKE SLAVES
  OWED 50 OF PRODUCE TO SPARTIATES

7
Womens roles

• Athenian
• sequestered in the home
• not educated
• responsible for handicrafts and textiles
• Spartan
• Controlled home and land when husbands were
  fighting
• Come back with your shield, or on it.

8
EDUCATION

• ATHENS
• No formal education for girls outside the home
• Boys learned rhetoric, mathematics, reading
  writing, poetry, music, gymnastics
• SPARTA
• Military school at age 7 for boys
• Lived in barracks and stole to survive
• Girls learned athletics

9
Athens and Sparta
Sparta
Quiz 2
Athens
10
(No Transcript)
11
Polis
Back to Athens and Sparta

• The Polis is the center of Greek community life
• The ideal size of a Polis was about 5,000 male
  citizens, the only gender counted in official
  records
• Develops around forts
• The Greek city-states were small the largest,
  Sparta, covered about 3,200 sq. miles
• Many city-states were smaller, and a few were
  larger. Athens, the largest in population, had
  about 35,000 male citizens in the middle of 500
  BC. The rest of the population of 350,000
  consisted of women, children, foreign residents
  and slaves

12
Sparta
Settled by Dorians who occupied part of the
Southern Peninsula of Greece, the
Peloponnesus. 800 BC- Spartans conquered nearby
regions and forced many of the people to work as
farm-laborers, or Helots. Helots worked on for
the Polis on the farms of Sparta. Helots out
numbered the Spartans by 10 to 1. The Spartans
lived in constant fear of revolt so they
established a strong military government to
maintain order.
13
Aim of the Spartans

• To produce strong-bodied, fearless people every
  stage of a Spartans life is planned
• Sickly babies were left to die
• At the age of seven, a Spartan boy will be moved
  into a military barracks
• He will stay there until he turns thirty,
  toughening his body, learning discipline and
  training for war
• Winter and summer he went barefoot and wore only
  a short tunic
• He learned to be brave and cunning and to endure
  pain. Spartan women also were trained in
  gymnastics and physical endurance

14
After the War

• Spartans were expected to marry, but the family
  was regarded as less important than the polis
• The polis gave each family land and helots to
  farm it
• Women had the responsibility of managing their
  farms and households
• Men of Sparta spent more time fighting or
  practicing military skills. They spent leisure
  time at a soldiers club. Even after retiring at
  age of 60, Spartan men served the government or
  military schools of the polis

Back to Athens and Sparta
15
SPARTAS LEGACY

• Military contributions
• The Phalanx (shown in the picture)
• Training and fighting styles
• Plato viewed Sparta as the first attempt at
  forming an ideal community
• Simple lifestyle
• Laconic of few words
• Spartan frugal, simple, plain

16
Athens

• The Athenians were great artists, play-wrights,
  poets and thinkers.
• Athens became the commercial cultural center of
  Greece.
• Women were educated only in the skills needed to
  run a household.
• Athenians believed that mans life was empty if
  he failed to use his mind and develop all his
  talents.

17
The Athenians develop new ideas of government

• Athens took the head in the creation of
  democracy, which comes from a Greek word meaning
  rule by the people.
• They chose a group of officials known as archons
  to rule the polis.
• Archons tended to favor the upper class.
• The merchants, artisans farmers of Athens began
  to protest against their (archons) rule.

18
Athenians laws were written.

• In 621 B.C. an aristocrat named Draco drew up the
  first written code of laws for Athens.
• The laws were harsh, and Dracos code did not
  change them.
• The archons who served as judges could interpret
  the laws as they pleased.

19
Athenians Laws

• Solon makes political reforms
• During this time, nobles owned most farmlands and
  most of the farmers were in debt to them.
• The nobles were harsh people.
• Some peasants who cannot pay their debts either
  lost their lands or became slaves as a way of
  paying their debts.
• Even today harsh laws are called draconian law.
• The aristocrats passed the problem to a
  statesman, poet merchant named Solon.
• He was regarded as a very wise and just person.

20

• Given full power, Solon made many changes.
• He cancelled the debts of the poor, free those
  who were enslaved, and made slavery for debt
  illegal.
• He replaced many of Dracos law.
• Solon decreased the power of the nobles.
• Athenian citizens were divided into four classes
  and it was based on wealth and not on noble
  birth.
• This gave the chance for the three highest ranks
  and the four classes to hold power.
• Also the merchants were given the chance to have
  a say in the government.
• All male citizens could become a member of the
  assembly and the lawmaking body could serve on
  juries.

Athens
21

• To improve farmers prosperity, Solon encouraged
  them to grow new crops.
• Oil and wine were exported and Athens trade grew
  quickly.
• The young people were taught a skill or trade and
  granted Athenian citizenship to artisans from
  other cities.
• Athens's prosperity grew as other handicrafts
  were traded through the Mediterranean.
• The reforms didnt satisfy the nobles or lower
  class but the assembly pledged to abide by them.
• Solon, himself, resigned his office and traveled
  abroad

Athens
22
Pisistratus Promotes Cultural Life

• A politician named Pisistratus gained the support
  of the poor and was the firm ruler of Athens
• In ancient Greece, the sole ruler of a polis is
  called a tyrant
• Tyrants used opposive measures therefore
  developing the meaning of tyrant as a person who
  rules harshly
• Although a tyrant, he gave more land to farmers

23
Athens

• Pisistratus also promoted Athenian culture life
• He encouraged sculptors and painters and
  sponsored drama festivals
• He had Homer epics collected and gave prices for
  public readings of them
• His promotion of the arts laid the foundation for
  Athens to become the cultural center of Greece.

24
Cleisthenes
Credited with having established democracy in
Athens, Cleisthenes' reforms at the end of the
6th Century BC made possible the Golden Age of
Athenian civilization that would follow in the
5th Century BC. Born into one of the city's
foremost political dynasties, he became the
unlikely champion of the people when they
rebelled against tyranny.
BACK
25
Cleisthenes Established more Democratic Practices

• Cleisthenes headed the political party that
  opposes tyrants
• Cleisthenes reformed the political system and
  divided Athens into ten areas called demes
  (deemz)
• Fifty men from each deme served as in an Advisory
  Council
• All male citizens could vote in the assembly

26
Athens

• Cleisthenes started a new practice, that required
  Athenians to point out and vote anyone they
  believed was a threat to Athens. If 6,000 votes
  were cast against a particular person, he was
  forced to leave Athens for 10 years
• They wrote the votes on a piece of broken pottery
  known as ostralum, this practice became known as
  ostracism
• Few people were actually ostracized, but the
  custom gave citizens more power

27
Athens
Thanks for listening!
28
SCARY!
pretty!
STRONG!
Fearless!
Wicked-sick!
POWERFUL!
Unstoppable!
owning!
Crazy!
Monster kill!
God-like!
BACK
29
Polis
JOKE!
JOKE!
JOKE!
Back to Polis
30
Athens birthplace of Democracy

• Adult male citizens directly participated in
  affairs of the state
• Trial by a jury selected by lot
• Ostracism people could be banished from Athens
  by vote
• Council of 500, the Assembly

31
Athenian legacy Philosophy, architecture,
drama, art
32

1. Enumerate the qualities of a city-state?
2. Explain what is a Polis?
3. Make a table of comparison between Sparta and
   Athens in terms of its government, culture, and
   daily activities

33

• 1. It is know as the cradle of Western
  Civilization
• 2. The blind poet who influenced Greek Religion
• and wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey.
• 3-4. Known as the two heroes of Iliad.
• 5. This civilization was named after the
  legendary King Minos.
• 6. Regarded as the illiterate people who moved to
  
• Southern Greece.
• 7. Known as the Golden Age of Greek Civilization.
• 8. Known as the most important Greek god, God of
  Thunder.
• 9. Known as the god of music, prophecy, medicine,
  and rational thinking.
• 10. Known as the goddess of love and beauty

Quiz
34

• 1. It is know as the cradle of Western
  Civilization
• 2. The blind poet who influenced Greek Religion
• and wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey.
• 3-4. Known as the two heroes of Iliad.
• 5. This civilization was named after the
  legendary King Minos.
• 6. Regarded as the illiterate people who moved to
  
• Southern Greece.
• 7. Known as the Golden Age of Greek Civilization.
• 8. Known as the most important Greek god, God of
  Thunder.
• 9. Known as the god of music, prophecy, medicine,
  and rational thinking.
• 10. Known as the goddess of love and beauty

Quiz
1. Aegean Sea 2. Homer 3. Achilles 4. Hector 5.
Minoan 6. Dorians 7. Hellenic 8. Zeus 9.
Apollo 10. Aphrodite