The%20Civil%20War

1
The Civil War

• A house divided against itself cannot stand.
• Abraham Lincoln

2
Timeline of Events

• 1861
• Confederate constitution framed, February 8th
• Fort Sumter fired upon, April 12th
• First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July 21st
• The Trent Affair

3
Timeline of Events

• 1862
• Union forces win control of the Mississippi River
• Monitor v. Virginia (Merrimac)
• Union forces defeated in the Peninsular campaign
• Seven Days Battle
• Second Battle of
• Bull Run (Manassas)

4
Timeline of Events

• 1862
• First Confederate invasion attempt end at
  Antietam (Sharpsburg)
• Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation issued
• Battle of Fredericksburg

5
Timeline of Events

• 1863
• Final Emancipation Proclamation issued
• Siege of Vicksburg
• Battle of Chancellorsville
• Second Confederate invasion attempt ends at
  Gettysburg

6
Timeline of Events

• 1863
• Fails of Confederate hopes abroad
• Battle of Chickamauga
• Battle of Chattanooga

7
Timeline of Events

• 1864
• Battle of the Wilderness
• Grants Overland Campaign begins
• Shermans March through Georgia
• CSS Alabama captured and sunk

8
Timeline of Events

• 1864
• Fall of Atlanta
• Siege of Petersburg
• Battle of Cedar
• Creek
• Lincoln reelected
• over McClellan
• Capture of
• Savannah

9
Timeline of Events

• 1865
• Saylers Creek
• Capture of Columbia, S.C.
• Battle of Bentonville, N.C.
• Lee surrenders at Appomattox, April 9th

10
Timeline of Events

• 1865
• Lincoln assassinated, April 14th
• Civil War officially ends on May 26th
• CSS Shenandoah sails until August when its guns
  are finally dismantled

11
Secession Continues

• With 7 states that had already seceded from the
  Union, Confederate soldiers began taking over
• federal installations
• including forts,
• courthouses, post
• offices and other
• public buildings

12
Fort Sumter

• By March 4th, only 2 Southern forts remained in
  Union hands the most important being Fort
  Sumter located in Charleston, S.C.
• Major Anderson, the commander of the fort sends a
  message to Lincoln he either gives up the fort
  or faces attack

13
Civil War Begins

• Lincoln did not reinforce Fort Sumter and he
  refused to abandon it
• The choice for war was left up to Jefferson Davis
  he chose war
• Attack began on April 12th at 430 am
• Anderson surrenders
• the fort on April 13th
• after being shelled
• with more than
• 4000 rounds

14
Civil War Begins

• Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

15
Lincoln Calls For Troops

• Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers for a 3 month
  enlistment
• Virginia was not willing to fight other southern
  states so on April 17, 1861 Virginia seceded from
  the Union
• Virginia was a crucial state because it was the
  most industrialized in the South with an
  ironworks and a navy yard

16
The Confederacy Is Formed

• May 1861 Arkansas, Tennessee, and North
  Carolina making 11 states in secession
• Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri did
  not secede
• Many of the citizens
• from those states did
• end up fighting for the
• Confederacy

17
Union Advantages

• More fighting power
• More factories
• Greater food production
• Better railroads
• A skilled leader,
• Abraham Lincoln,
• good a balancing
• political factions

18
Confederate Advantages

• King Cotton and its profits
• First-rate generals and a strong military
  tradition
• Motivated soldiers who were defending their
  homeland

19
Union Strategies

• Three-part plan (Anaconda Plan)
• Union navy was to blockade Southern ports so they
  could not import or export goods
• Union riverboats armies were to move down the
  Mississippi River split the Confederacy into 2
• Union armies were
• to capture the
• Confederate capital
• at Richmond, VA

20
Confederate Strategies

• Goal was to survive until the Union would
  recognize them as an independent country
• Strategy was most defensive
• Southern leaders did encourage their generals to
  attack if they could and to invade the North

21
First Manassas (Bull Run)

• First major engagement between the two armies
• Union commander Irvin McDowell
• Confederate commander P.G.T. Beauregard
• Thomas J. Jackson receives his nickname
  Stonewall from this battle
• Confederate reinforcements arrive in the
  afternoon and turn the tide

22
First Manassas (Bull Run)

• First victory for the South
• Union troops retreat toward Washington D.C.
• Confederate morale soared

23
The Aftermath of Bull Run

• With the defeat at Bull Run, Lincoln called for
  500,000 troops and another 500,000 3 days after.
• McDowell is replaced by George B. McClellan as
  commander of the Union Army of the Potomac

24
Union Armies in the West

• Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
• February 1862
• Headed by General Ulysses S. Grant
• Failed at everything he tried in civilian life
• Brave, tough, and decisive military commander
• Took eleven days to capture the forts
• Called for Unconditional Surrender
• Confederates accepted and Grant earned his
  nickname Unconditional Surrender Grant

25
Union Armies in the West

• Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

26
Union Armies in the West

• Shiloh
• March 1862
• It was the name of a small church in Tennessee
• Union forces surprised by Confederates
• Many Union soldiers killed while making coffee or
  still lying in their blankets
• Grant counterattacks the next day
• By mid-afternoon Confederates in retreat

27
Union Armies in the West

• Shiloh

28
Union Armies in the West

• Shiloh
• Results
• Generals realize they need scouts
• Need to dig trenches build fortifications
• Demonstrated how bloody the war could become
• 25,000 were killed wounded or captured
• Battle was a draw, but showed the Union could
  succeed in splitting the Confederacy

29
Union Armies in the West

• Farragut on the Lower Mississippi
• 40 ships moving towards Louisiana
• Objective is to take New Orleans
• Farragut took his fleet past 2 forts and in 5
  days took New Orleans
• Over the new 2 months he also took Baton Rouge,
  and Natchez

30
Battle of the Ironclads

• Ironclad could splinter wooden ships, withstand
  cannon fire, and resist burning
• March 1862
• Monitor v. Merrimack (aka CSS Virginia)
• Merrimack sunk off coast of Virginia in 1861,
  Confederates recovered her
• Confederate engineers put to work to create an
  ironclad

31
Battle of the Ironclads

• Monitor
• John Ericsson commissioned by the Union to create
  the Monitor a giant cheese box on an immense
  shingle
• Two guns on a rotating turret

32
Battle of the Ironclads
33
Battle of the Ironclads
34
Battle of the Ironclads

• Merrimac attacks 3 Union ships
• First Ship USS Cumberland sunk
• Second Ship USS Congress burned
• Third Ship USS Minnesota run aground
• Monitor arrives the following day and engages the
  Merrimac
• Battle is a draw
• Era of wooden ships is over

35
New Weapons

• Rifle more accurate than muskets and could be
  loaded more quickly 3 round per minute
• Minie ball soft lead bullet that was more
  destructive
• Used primitive grenades and land mines

36
War for the Capitals

• On to Richmond
• George McClellan capable administrator but too
  cautious
• Refused to move without 270,000 troops
• Finally moves troops towards Richmond
• Battle with Joseph E. Johnston and Confederate
  troops
• Johnston wounded and Lee takes command
• Lee moves against McClellan in the Seven Days
  Battles (June July 1862)
• Lee unnerves McClellan who leaves and heads
  toward the Peninsula to the sea

37
Antietam

• Lee wins at 2nd Bull Run (Manassas) in August
  1862
• Crosses the Potomac River and head into Maryland
• Union corporal finds a copy of Lees Army orders
• McClellan meets Lee near Sharpsburg, Maryland at
  Antietam Creek in September 1862

38
Antietam
39
Antietam

• Bloodiest single day battle in American history
• Casualty total more than 26,000
• Instead of pursuing the Confederates, McClellan
  did nothing
• Battle was a standoff
• South retreated back to Virginia
• Lincoln fires McClellan

40
Antietam
41
Lincoln at Antietam
42
Britain Remains Neutral

• The Trent Affair
• Fall 1861
• Confederate government sends 2 delegates to gain
  support from Britain and France
• James Mason and John Slidell were traveling on
  the British merchant ship Trent
• They were stopped between Cuba and Florida by the
  USS San Jacinto commanded by Captain Charles
  Wilkes
• Britain is outraged and threatens war
• Lincoln frees the two men and war is averted with
  Britain

43
Proclaiming Emancipation

• Lincoln dislikes slavery
• Believes the federal government had the power to
  abolish it
• Major reason for fighting the war is preservation
  of the Union
• Lincoln adds emancipation of slaves as a war aim
  to his goals
• Lincoln uses emancipation as a weapon of war

44
Emancipation Proclamation

• Issued on January 1, 1863
• Only applied to areas behind Confederate lines
  outside Union control
• Was a military action aimed at the states in
  rebellion only
• Did not apply to Southern territory already
  occupied by Unions troops
• Did not apply to slave states that had not
  seceded

45
Emancipation Proclamation
46
Reactions to the Proclamation

• Not much practical effect
• Immense symbolic importance
• Gave the war a high moral purpose
• Free blacks liked that they could enlist in the
  Union army
• Democrats believed it would help prolong the war
• Confederates reacted with outrage
• War became a fight to the death with the issue of
  slavery being settled at its outcome

47
Both Sides Face Problems

• Dissent
• Lincoln
• sends troops into Maryland because a crowd in
  Baltimore attacked a Union regiment
• suspends the writ of habeas corpus
• Seizes telegraph offices to make sure no one uses
  them for subversion

48
Both Sides Face Problems

• Conscription
• A draft that would force certain members of the
  population to serve in the army
• South
• Confederates passed a draft law in 1862
• Drafted all able bodied white men between 18 and
  35
• By 1864 between 17 and 50
• If you could afford to do so, you could hire a
  substitute
• Exempted planters with more than 20 slaves
• 80 of eligible Southern men served in the
  Confederate army

49
Both Sides Face Problems

• North
• Union passed a draft law in 1863
• Drafted the white males between 20 and 45 for 3
  years
• Allowed draftees to hire substitutes
• Provided for commutation paying a 300 fee to
  avoid conscription altogether
• Only 46,000 draftees went into the Union army
• 92 of the 2 million soldiers were volunteers
• 180,000 were African-Americans

50
Both Sides Face Problems

• Draft Riots
• 1863 New York City
• Poor people were crowded into slums, crime was
  rampant, disease ran amok
• Mobs rampaged the city when the draft was brought
  there
• Rioters wrecked draft offices, Republican
  newspaper offices, and the homes of antislavery
  leaders
• Federals troops were brought in
• 100 people were killed

51
Draft Riots

• New York City Draft Riots

52
African American Soldiers

• 1862
• Congress passes a law to allow African Americans
  to serve in the military
• 10 of the Union army was African American by the
  end of the war
• Suffered discrimination
• Could not rise above the rank of captain
• Black private earned 10 a month and no clothing
  allowance (whites 13 and a 3.50 clothing
  allowance)
• Congress equalizes pay in 1864

53
African American Soldiers
54
African American Soldiers

• Mortality rate higher among African Americans
• Assigned garrison duty thus more likely to catch
  typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, or another deadly
  disease
• African American soldiers were not treated as
  POWs, usually they were executed or returned to
  slavery
• Fort Pillow Massacre
• 1864
• Tennessee
• 200 African Americans and some whites were killed
  

55
Confederate Slave Resistance

• Union forces push further into the Confederacy
• Slaves seek freedom behind Union lines
• Some stay on plantations to destroy the farm
  implements and fences
• Slave resistance will weaken the plantation
  system
• By 1864 slavery is doomed

56
War Affects Economies

• Southern Shortages
• Food shortage due to a drain on manpower, Union
  occupation of food growing areas, and the lose of
  slave labor to work the fields
• Meat became scarce
• Average amount spent on food per month
• 1861 6.65
• 1863 68
• Riots broke out because of food shortages
• Confederacy gave out some of its stores of rice
• Union blockaded southern ports blocking much need
  supplies medicines and food stuff

57
War Affects Economies

• Northern Economic Growth
• Effect of the war was more positive on the North
• Created an economic boom for the manufacturers
  and the Western farmers
• Downside
• Wages did not keep up with prices
• Standard of living declined
• Women
• Obtained government jobs for the first time
• Kept those jobs after the war
• Congress enacts first income tax in 1863

58
Soldiers Suffer

• Soldiers were required to take a bath once a week
  
• Wash hands once a day
• No latrines or garbage disposal
• Common ailments
• Dysentery
• Body Lice
• Diarrhea
• Army Rations not appealing beans, bacon and
  hardtack

59
Civil War Medicine

• United States Sanitary Commission
• Established 1861
• Twofold task
• Improve the hygienic conditions of army camps
• Recruit and train nurses
• Taught soldiers how to not pollute their water
  supply
• Developed hospital trains and ships to transport
  wounded men from the battlefield

60
Civil War Medicine

• United States Sanitary Commission

61
Civil War Medicine

• Nurses
• Dorothea Dix became the first superintendent of
  women nurses
• Women had to be at least 30 and very plain
  looking
• 3,000 women served during the war
• Clara Barton Angel of the Battlefield
• Cared for the sick or wounded on the front lines
  of the battlefield

62
Civil War Medicine

• Dorothea Dix Clara Barton

63
Prisons

• Andersonville
• Located in Andersonville, Georgia
• Jammed 33,000 men into 26 acres (34 sq. ft. per
  man)
• No shelter from the sun or rain
• Rigged tents from their blankets and sticks
• Drank from the same stream that served as their
  sewer
• 1/3 of the prisoners died
• Henry Wirz camp commander partially to blame
• Eventually executed as a war criminal
• 15 of Union prisoners died in prisons

64
Prisons

• Andersonville

65
Prisons

• Elmira, New York Camp Douglas, Illinois
• Only slightly better
• Provided about 5 times as much space per man
• Had barracks for sleeping and adequate food
• Thousands contracted pneumonia and died because
  of no heat
• Suffered from dysentery and malnutrition
• 12 of Confederate prisoners died in Northern
  prisons

66
Prisons

• Elmira,
• New York

Camp Douglas, Illinois
67
Chancellorsville

• May 1863
• Lee outmaneuvered General Joseph Hooker and
  forced the Union army to retreat
• General Stonewall Jackson while riding on a
  patrol was accidentally shot by Confederate
  forces
• Left arm was amputated
• Jackson catches pneumonia and dies
• Lee decides to invade the North once again

68
Chancellorsville
69
Gettysburg

• July 1 3, 1863
• Considered to be the turning point of the Civil
  War
• Most decisive battle of the war
• Confederate forces led by A.P. Hill head to
  Gettysburg looking for shoes and to meet up with
  General Lee

70
Gettysburg

• Hills forces meet up with Union cavalry under
  the command of John Buford
• Buford orders his men to take defensive positions
  on the hills and ridges surrounding Gettysburg
• Confederate forces attack and Union forces fall
  back
• Confederates take control of the town
• Lee wants Cemetery Ridge, the high ground south
  of the town

71
Gettysburg

• General A.P. Hill General
  John Buford

72
Gettysburg
73
Gettysburg

• The Second Day
• 90,000 Union forces
• 75,000 Confederate forces
• Lee orders Longstreet to attack Cemetery Ridge
  from his position on Seminary Ridge by advancing
  up the Emmitsburg Road
• Longstreet goes through the peach orchard and the
  wheat field instead
• Little Round Top was left undefended by the
  Union
• General Warren orders men from the 5th Corps
  division to the Little Round Top

74
Gettysburg

• The Second Day continues
• Chamberlain and the 20th Maine regiment are
  stationed on Little Round Top
• They repulse a brigade of Alabamans repeatedly
• Chamberlain and his men run out of ammunition and
  decide to fix bayonets and charge the
  Confederates
• The 20th Maine shocks the Confederates who give
  up in large numbers
• Chamberlain and the 20th Maine save the Union
  flank from being overrun

75
Gettysburg

• The Third Day
• Lee is optimistic his plan will succeed if he
  could break the Union lines
• Lee orders an artillery barrage on the middle of
  the Union lines
• Lee orders Longstreet to attack the Union center
• Longstreet grudgingly agrees and send men
  including those under General Pickett marching
  toward the Union center
• Union artillery starts up again and the
  Confederates are repulsed by that and infantry
  fire

76
Gettysburg

• The Third Day Continues
• Lee sends his cavalry led by James Ewell Brown
  (Jeb) Stuart around the Union right flank
• Lee hopes to surprise the Union
• This does not occur because Stuarts forces clash
  with David Gregg and his men
• Meade doesnt order a counterattack and the
  Confederates retreat
• Casualties
• Union 23,000 killed or wounded
• Confederacy 28,000 killed or wounded

77
Gettysburg

• Picketts Charge

78
Gettysburg

• General James Longstreet General Robert
  E. Lee

79
Siege of Vicksburg

• Ulysses S. Grant continues his campaigns in the
  West
• Begins destroying railroad lines and cutting off
  supplies
• Grant sends troops south of Vicksburg and takes
  the capital, Jackson
• Grant begins a siege of Vicksburg by land and sea
  using artillery
• Residents took shelter in caves they dug out of
  the side of hills

80
Siege of Vicksburg

• Food supplies ran low
• On July 3, 1863 the Confederate commander sent a
  message to Grant asking for terms
• Vicksburg fell of July 4, 1863
• Five days later Port
• Hudson, Louisiana
• fell and the
• Confederacy was
• cut in two

81
Gettysburg Address

• November 19, 1863
• A ceremony was held to dedicate a cemetery in
  Gettysburg
• First speaker Edward Everett, noted orator
  spoke for 2 hours
• Abraham Lincoln then spoke for 2 minutes and
  changed how people thought about the United States

82
Gettysburg Address

• Edward Everett Abraham Lincoln

83
Gettysburg Address
84
Gettysburg Address
85
Confederacy Wears Down

• Gettysburg and Vicksburg defeats cost the South
  fighting power
• Low on food, shoes, uniforms, guns, and
  ammunition
• Looked for a way to continue the war until a
  cease-fire could be declared and they would be
  recognized as an individual country

86
Confederate Morale

• Morale began to deteriorate as the war progressed
• Farmers and planters began to resent the fact
  that the Confederacy wanted them to plant food
  crops instead of cash crops and then they were
  taxed for a portion of their crops to help the
  Confederacy
• Many soldiers deserted after receiving letters
  from home concerning lack of food and shortage of
  farm labor

87
Confederate Morale

• All southern states except South Carolina had
  soldiers who had decided to fight for the North
• Jefferson Davis had a hard time governing because
  of internal discord
• Confederate Congress had disagreed amongst
  themselves
• Peace movements took place in North Carolina and
  Georgia but these movements failed

88
Grant and Sherman

• March 1864
• Lincoln appoints U.S. Grant commander of all
  Union armies
• Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman commander
  of the military division of the Mississippi
• Both men believed in total war
• Believed it was essential to fight the army, the
  government and the civilian population
• Reasoning civilians grew food, made weapons,
  and transported goods for the army and the
  peoples will kept the war going

89
Grant and Sherman

• Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman

90
Grant Lee in Virginia

• Grants strategy immobilize Lees army and have
  Sherman raid Georgia
• Grants casualties were twice as high as Lees
• Battle of the Wilderness
• May 1864
• Brutal fighting and forest fires
• Other battles occur at
• Spotsylvania
• Cold Harbor Grant loses over 7,000 men in 1
  hour

91
Grant Lee in Virginia

• Petersburg
• Under attack from June 1864 until April 1865
• May 4 to June 18, 1864
• Grant loses about 60,000 men
• Lee loses about 32,000 men
• Grant can replace his men, Lee cannot
• Grant was called a butcher because of his total
  war policy
• Lincoln did not interfere because Grant had told
  him he would not turn back

92
Grant Lee in Virginia

• Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee

93
Shermans March

• May 1864
• Sherman heads towards Atlanta
• Issues the Scorched Earth Policy
• A wide path of destruction and living off the
  land
• Mid- November Atlanta burns (industrial area)
• Some historians say Sherman is to blame other
  historians believe it was done by John Bell Hood
• Sherman continue his March to the Sea and gives
  Lincoln a Christmas present Savannah, Georgia
• Sherman then heads north to assist Grant with
  wiping out Lee

94
Shermans March

• Shermans Neckties

Burning of Atlanta
Capture of Savannah
95
Election of 1864

• Lincoln faces heavy opposition due to high
  casualty rates, recent Union losses and the
  length of the war
• Democrats nominate George McClellan
• Radical Republicans nominate John C. Fremont
• Lincoln supporters drop Republican name change it
  to the National Union Party and choose Andrew
  Johnson as Lincolns running mate
• Lincoln wins a second term

96
Election of 1864

• Lincoln pessimistic about winning the election
• Needs a victory to help win
• August 5, 1864 Admiral David Farragut enters
  Mobile Bay in Alabama and shuts down the major
  southern port
• September 2, 1864 Sherman takes Atlanta
• End of September 1864 Fremont withdraws
• October 19, 1864 General Philip Sheridan chase
  the Confederates out of the Shenandoah Valley
  (Virginia)

97
Election of 1864

• Abraham
• Lincoln

John C. Fremont
George McClellan
98
The End is Near

• March 1865 End of the Confederacy is near
• Grant and Sheridan heading towards Richmond from
  the west
• Sherman coming in from the south
• April 2nd Lee overcome by Grants forces at
  Petersburg
• Battle of the Crater occurs Union loss
• Confederate government abandons Richmond and
  purposely set it afire
• Flames destroy 90 buildings and damage hundreds
  more

99
Surrender at Appomattox

• Lee and Grant meet to arrange a Confederate
  surrender on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox
  Courthouse in Virginia
• Grant paroles all of Lees soldiers and sends
  them home with their personal possessions,
  horses, and 3 days of rations
• Officers allowed to keep side arms
• By May 1865 all confederate resistance has faded
• Civil War is declared over on May 26, 1865

100
Surrender at Appomattox
101
Surrender at Appomattox
102
Legacy of the War

• Political Changes
• Federal government assumed supreme national
  authority and no state has ever seceded again
• States rights has not gone away it has just
  changed how it has been viewed
• Civil War greatly increased the federal
  governments power
• Federal government no longer too far away to
  reach the people

103
Legacy of the War

• Economic Changes
• Federal government helped to subsidize businesses
  during the Civil War
• National Bank Act of 1863 passed set up a
  system of federally chartered banks, set
  requirements for loans, and provided for banks to
  be inspected
• Northern states economy boomed
• Large scale commercial agriculture boomed by the
  end of the war
• Southern states economy devastated
• Slavery taken away and regions industry wrecked

104
Legacy of the War

• Economic Changes
• 40 of livestock wiped out
• Southern farm machinery and railroads mostly
  destroyed
• Thousands of acres of land uncultivated
• Economic gap between North and South widened
• Pre Civil War South held 30 of nations wealth
• Post Civil War South held 12 of nations
  wealth
• Economic disparity would not diminish until the
  20th century

105
Legacy of the War

• Costs of the War
• Human Costs
• Union casualties (deaths) 360,000 men
• Confederate casualties (deaths) 260,000 men
• Union wounded 275,000 soldiers
• Confederate wounded 225,000 soldiers
• Total serving during the war 2.4 million out of
  a population of 31 million
• Disruption of education, careers, and families
• Almost every American family was affected

106
Legacy of the War

• Costs of the War
• Economic Costs
• Very extensive
• Union and Confederate governments spent an
  estimated cost of 3.3 billion during the 4 years
  of war
• 20 years later interest payments and veterans
  pensions amounted to 2/3 of the federal budget

107
War Changes Lives

• New Birth of Freedom
• Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves in the
  rebelling states
• Nothing said about slaves in non-rebelling states
• What would the government do about slavery?
• Only solution constitutional amendment
  abolishing slavery
• 13th Amendment passes in 1865 and is ratified by
  the end of the year
• Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
  except as a punishment for crime whereof the
  party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
  within the United States.

108
War Changes Lives

• Civilians Follow New Paths
• War leaders continued their military careers
• Sherman remained in the army and spent most of
  his time fighting Native Americans in the West
• Robert E. Lee, lost Arlington which was turned
  into a national cemetery by the Secretary of War,
  became the president of Washington College in
  Lexington, Virginia (now known as Washington and
  Lee University)
• Veterans returned to their homes and farms, many
  moved to the cities or went west

109
War Changes Lives

• Civilians Follow New Paths
• Clara Barton, a Union nurse, went to Switzerland
  in 1869 to recuperate from the horrors she saw
  during the war
• While there, she worked for the
• International Committee of
• the Red Cross during the
• Franco-Prussian War
• In 1881, she returned to
• America founded the
• American Red Cross

110
Assassination of Lincoln

• Lincoln wanted to reunify the nation but never
  got the chance
• Whatever plans he had were cut short by his
  assassination on April 14, 1865
• Lincoln along with his wife, Mary went to Fords
  Theatre in Washington, D.C. to see Our American
  Cousin
• John Wilkes Booth, a 26 year old actor and
  southern sympathizer crept into the unguarded
  presidential box and shot Lincoln in the back of
  the head

111
Assassination of Lincoln
112
Assassination of Lincoln

• Booth leapt to the stage but broke his left leg
  in the process
• He rose and some say he yelled Sic Semper
  Tyrannis (Thus always to tyrants), others say he
  said The South is avenged and then limped off
  stage
• He was caught 12 days later in a tobacco barn in
  Virginia. The barn was set afire and after he
  refused to surrender a shot was fired

113
Assassination of Lincoln
114
Assassination of Lincoln
115
Assassination of Lincoln

• He was dragged out and Booth whispered Tell my
  mother I died for my country. I did what I
  thought was best.
• His last words were Useless, useless.
• Lincoln died on April 15, 1865 at the Peterson
  House at 722 am
• This was the first time a president had been
  assassinated
• Funeral train took 14 days to go from Washington,
  D.C. to Springfield, Illinois

116
Assassination of Lincoln
117
Assassination of Lincoln
118
Assassination of Lincoln

• 7 million Americans publically mourned Lincoln
• Civil War was finished
• Slavery and secession were gone
• The next step would be how to heal a nation that
  had been torn apart and how to help about 4
  million newly freed African Americans