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Observing the Solar System

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Title: Observing the Solar System


1
Observing the Solar System
  • Chap 16, Sec 1

2
Chap 16 Sec 1 Essential Questions
  1. What are the geocentric and heliocentric systems?
  2. How did Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler
    contribute to our knowledge of the solar system?
  3. What objects make up the solar system?

video
3
Stars
  • Ancient Greeks noticed the stars are grouped
    together in patterns we call constellations. The
    stars in a constellation stay the same night
    after night, and year after year.
  • There are 88 constellations
  • The Greeks also noticed several stars that
    seemed to wander slowly among the stars
  • The Greeks named these lights planets (which is a
    Greek word for wanderers)
  • The Romans later named the planets they could
    see Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn
  • Look on page 554 at the time lapse photo. This
    was made while viewing the circumpolar
    constellations that circle around the north star.

4
Geocentric System
  • Ancient Greeks believed Earth (Greek geo) is at
    the center of the revolving planets and stars
  • This is known as the Geocentric system
  • Ptolemy further developed the geocentric model to
    show planets moving on small circles that move on
    bigger circles
  • His model was incorrect, but did explain the
    motions observed in the sky fairly accurately
  • This model was widely accepted for nearly 1500
    years after Ptolemy introduced it

5
The Geocentric Model
6
Heliocentric System
  • Another ancient Greek explanation for the motion
    of the planets said the sun is at the center and
    Earth and the other planets revolve around it
  • This is known as the heliocentric system (helios
    is Greek for sun)
  • This explanation wasnt widely accepted because
    so many believed the Earth had to be at the center

7
The Heliocentric Model
8
Nicolaus Copernicus
9
Nicolaus Copernicus
  • In 1543 (almost 1500 years after Ptolemys
    geocentric work) Copernicus was able to work out
    the arrangement of the known planets and how they
    move around the sun.
  • Most people couldnt accept this new idea they
    would need proof first
  • By the way, Copernicus was Polish

10
Galileo Galilei
11
Galileo Galilei
  • Galileo made two important discoveries using the
    newly invented telescope that supported the
    heliocentric model
  • In 1610 he discovered four moons revolving around
    Jupiter
  • This proves not everything in space revolves
    around Earth
  • He discovered Venus goes through a series of
    phases similar to our Moon.
  • Venus would not have a full set of phases if it
    encircled Earth
  • Just so you know, Galileo was Italian

12
Tycho Brahe
13
Tycho Brahe
  • In the late 1500s Tycho Brahe and his assistants
    observed and recorded the positions of the
    planets (this would be important later in
    changing the model developed by Copernicus)
  • They did this without telescopes because they
    hadnt been invented yet
  • Brahe was Danish

14
Johannes Kepler
15
Johannes Kepler
  • Kepler was an assistant to Tycho Brahe who died
    in 1601.
  • Kepler carefully analyzed all the observations
    collected under Brahe and eventually found that
    the orbit of each planet is an ellipse (a
    flattened oval)
  • This disproved the belief that all planets move
    in perfect circles
  • He was German

16
Modern Discoveries
  • Today we know the solar system consists of the
    sun, the planets and their moons, and several
    kinds of smaller objects that revolve around the
    sun (such as comets and asteroids)
  • A moon is a natural satellite that revolves
    around a planet
  • We have telescopes on Earth and orbiting in space
  • We have sent astronauts to the moon and launched
    many space probes to explore our solar system
  • Our understanding of the solar system continues
    to grow every day.
  • I wonder what will be discovered during your
    lifetime!

17
Essential Questions Answered
  • What are the geocentric and heliocentric systems?
  • The geocentric system said Earth is at the center
    of the revolving planets and stars (including the
    sun and moon).
  • The heliocentric system says the sun is at the
    center of our solar system and is surrounded by
    planets and their moons.
  • How did Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler
    contribute to our knowledge of the solar system?
  • Copernicus further developed the heliocentric
    system by calculating the arrangement of the
    planets and how they move around the sun
  • Galielo used the newly invented telescope to
    make discoveries that supported the heliocentric
    model
  • Kepler discovered the orbit of each planet is
    an ellipse

18
  • 3. What objects make up the solar system?
  • The sun, the planets and their moons, and
    several kinds of smaller objects that revolve
    around the sun.
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