Chapter%2031:%20Western%20Society%20and%20Eastern%20Europe%20in%20the%20Decades%20of%20the%20Cold%20War - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title: Chapter%2031:%20Western%20Society%20and%20Eastern%20Europe%20in%20the%20Decades%20of%20the%20Cold%20War


1
Chapter 31 Western Society and Eastern Europe in
the Decades of the Cold War
  • AP World History
  • Ms. Tully
  • Téo Trujillo
  • Daniel Trujillo
  • Hugo Hernández
  • Diego Soto
  • April 24, 2014
  • Period 5

2
Relevant Key Terms
  • Cold War
  • Labour Party in Britain
  • Liberal Democracy
  • Stalinist System
  • Eastern Bloc
  • Harry Truman
  • Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
  • Iron Curtain
  • De-Stalinization
  • Marshall Plan
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
    European Common Market
  • Warsaw Pact
  • Soviet Union
  • Affluent Society
  • Communism
  • Labour Party in Britain
  • Welfare State
  • Technocrat
  • Green Movement
  • European Union
  • New Feminism
  • Francis Crick
  • James Watson
  • Berlin Wall
  • Solidarity
  • French Canadians in Quebec
  • Civil Rights Movement
  • Nikita Khrushchev

3
Relevant Key Concepts
  • Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their
    Consequences
  • IV. Military conflicts occurred on an
    unprecedented global scale.
  • A. World War I and World War II were the
    first total wars. Governments used ideologies,
    including fascism, nationalism, and communism, to
    mobilize all of their states resources,
    including peoples, both in the home countries and
    the colonies or former colonies, for the purpose
    of waging war. Governments also used a variety
    of strategies, including political speeches, art,
    media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to
    mobilize these populations.
  • B. The sources of global conflict in the
    first half of the century varied.
  • a. Imperialist expansion by European powers
    and Japan
  • b. Competition for resources
  • c. Ethnic conflict
  • d. Great power rivalries between Great
    Britain and Germany
  • e. Nationalist ideologies
  • f. The economic crisis engendered by the
    Great Depression
  • C. The global balance of economic and
    political power shifted after the end of World
    War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War.
    The United States and Soviet Union emerged as
    superpowers, which led to ideological struggles
    between capitalism and communism throughout the
    globe.
  • D. The Cold War produced new military
    alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact,
    and prompted proxy wars in Latin America, Africa,
    and Asia.
  • E. The dissolution of the Soviet Union
    effectively ended the Cold War.
  • V. Although conflict dominated much of the
    twentieth century, many individuals and
    groupsincluding statesopposed this trend. Some
    individuals and groups, however, intensified
    their conflicts.
  • A. Groups and individuals challenged the
    many wars of the century, and some prompted the
    practice of nonviolence as a way to bring about
    political change.
  • B. Groups and individuals opposed and
    promoted alternatives to the existing economic,
    political, and social orders.
  • C. Militaries and militarized states often
    responded to the proliferation of conflicts in
    ways that further intensified conflict.
  • D. More movements used violence against
    civilians to achieve political aims.
  • E. Global conflicts had a profound influence
    on popular culture.

4
  • Key Concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of
    Global Economy, Society, and Culture
  • I. States responded in a variety of ways to the
    economic challenges of the twentieth century.
  • A. In the Communist states of the Soviet Union
    and China, governments controlled their national
    economies.
  • B. At the beginning of the century in the United
    States and parts of Europe, governments played a
    minimal role in their national economies. With
    the onset of the Great Depression, government
    began to take a more active role in economic
    life.
  • C. In newly independent states after World War
    II, governments often took a strong role in
    guiding economic life to promote development.
  • D. At the end of the twentieth century, many
    governments encouraged free market economic
    policies and promoted economic liberalization.
  • II. States, communities, and individuals became
    increasingly interdependent, a process
    facilitated by the growth of institutions of
    global governance.
  • A. New international organizations formed to
    maintain world peace and to facilitate
    international cooperation.
  • B. New economic institutions sought to spread the
    principles and practices associated with free
    market economics throughout the world.
  • C. Humanitarian organizations developed to
    respond to humanitarian crises throughout the
    world.
  • D. Regional trade agreements created regional
    trading blocs designed to promote the movement of
    capital and goods across national borders.
  • E. Multinational corporations began to challenge
    state authority and autonomy.
  • F. Movements throughout the world protested the
    inequality of environmental and economic
    consequences of global integration.
  • III. Peoples conceptualized society and culture
    in new ways some challenged old assumptions
    about race, class, gender, and religion, often
    using new technologies to spread reconfigured
    traditions.
  • A. The notion of human rights gained traction
    throughout the world.
  • B. Increased interactions among diverse peoples
    sometimes led to the formation of new cultural
    identities and exclusionary reactions.
  • C. Believers developed new forms of spirituality
    and chose to emphasize particular aspects of
    practice within existing faiths and apply them to
    political issues.
  • IV. Popular and consumer culture became global.
  • A. Sports were more widely practiced and
    reflected national and social aspirations.

5
After World War II A New International Setting
for the West
  • Western European countries had to adjust to a
    less powerful role in global dominance after the
    war.
  • Mass destruction and devastation led to housing
    and transportation problems.
  • Establishment of the United States and the Soviet
    Union as industrial and populous superpowers.
  • Disputes between Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
    partition of Germany.

6
Europe and Its Colonies
  • Decolonization and the Cold War were definitive
    concepts to describe the aftermath of WWII.
  • Europes immense power drastically reduced.
  • Western governments kept cultural relations with
    lost colonies and assisted with military and
    administration.

7
The Cold War
  • Social and cultural competition between the US
    and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist
    Republics)
  • Eastern Bloc established including Poland,
    Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary.
    -Communist governments
  • Winston Churchill, English Prime Minister, used
    the term Iron Curtain to describe the split of
    global control
  • In 1947, the Marshall Plan was used to help
    nations devastated by the war rebuild by
    supplying them with loans.
  • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
    developed in 1949 to help against Soviet
    encroachment.
  • Warsaw Pact developed by Soviets to facilitate
    growth of communism to their external countries.

8
Cold War Allies The United States, Canada,
Australia, and New Zealand
  • The Former Dominions
  • Canadas economy integrated with that of US?
    Canadian nationalism
  • Created North American trading bloc...paralleled
    Euro unity
  • Canadian immigration
  • 1945 Australia and New Zealand lost ties with
    Britain
  • 1951 These two countries joined US in defense
    against communism in the Pacific? help with
    Korean and Vietnam wars
  • Pacific economy interacted mainly with Japan vs.
    previously with Britain.

9
The U.S. Century?
  • US became the police of the world? democratic and
    capitalist
  • The Truman Doctrine created in 1947 promised
    military and economic help.
  • US push to prevent the spread of communism?
    containment policy
  • development of CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
  • Increased spending in military
  • Vietnam War from 1956-1975? extreme effort to
  • limit spread of communism
  • Protests in America? less faith in government
  • foreign policy
  • First failure of US military? immense blow to
    US economy and pride.

10
The Resurgence of Western Europe
  • The Spread of Liberal Democracy
  • After WWII Fascism and other rightist movements
    were greatly discredited
  • More support for democratic constitutions
  • Formation of the Federal Republic of Germany
    (France, Britain, U.S)
  • Womens voting rights

11
  • The Welfare State
  • The state was more active in economic and welfare
    policies
  • New programs for the poor
  • State-run medical facilities
  • Extremely expensive
  • Green Movements

12
  • New Challenges to Political Stability
  • Campus unrest
  • Civil Rights movement
  • Green Movement
  • Economic recession
  • Conservative leaders reduced the welfare states
    impact

13
The Diplomatic Context
  • Focus on economic recovery
  • Establishment of the European Union
  • Reduced nationalism
  • European peace

14
Economic Expansion
  • Extreme economic growth
  • Increase in agricultural production
  • Leading center of weapons production
  • Large amounts of immigration
  • Europe became an Affluent Society

15
Soviet Culture and Society Promoting New Beliefs
and Institutions
  • Government declared war on Orthodox Church 1917 ?
    Traditional religious orientation declined in
    favor of a scientific and Marxist outlook.
  • Educational system created a loyal,
    right-thinking society.
  • Continuous attacks on Western styles of art and
    literature.
  • Great emphasis on science and social science ?
    significant discoveries in physics, chemistry,
    and mathematics.

16
Economy and Society
  • Growth in manufacturing and urbanization ? full
    industrialization of East Euro.
  • Amassment of capital ? low consumerism, armaments
    industry.
  • Industrial life ? similar work rhythm and leisure
    activities as the West.
  • Division of workers and professional middle class
    in spite of Marxist theory.
  • Drop in birth rate due to better medical care and
    improved diets.
  • Managerial middle class focused more on providing
    a better future for their families.

17
De-Stalinization
  • 1956 Nikita Khrushchev emerges to gain primary
    power ? heavily criticized Stalin.
  • De-Stalinization movement initiated by
    Khrushchev.
  • Subsequent leadership changes ran smoothly.
  • International competitiveness Sputnik in 1957,
    sophisticated rocketry, sports programs.
  • Lowered cold war tensions ? cultural exchange
    with the West.
  • Foreign policy challenges ? cautious diplomatic
    game.
  • Lack of consumer goods ? low work motivation and
    diligence.
  • Youth agitation ? young people were tired of
    disciplined life.
  • Fall of Soviet Union good or bad ?

18
The Social Structure
  • Economic growth ? brought prosperity to most
    groups, which eased some early social conflicts.
  • But Social distinctions remained.
  • The Middle class had more free time ---thus
    having a more optimistic outlook than most
    workers.
  • Social/Racial tension continued----crime rates
    went up in western society after the 1940s.

19
Womens Revolution
  • Great emphasis on nuclear families, and time
    spent in family.
  • Women began to work more during WW2.
  • New rights for women accompanied this shift,
    family rights also improved.
  • Teenage employment dropped as more girls stayed
    in school but even though women had the same
    qualification standards as men they were still
    paid less.
  • A New Feminism

20
Western Culture
  • Great scientific achievements----Such as the
    discovery of DNA. which led...
  • European nations envied the U.S for being the
    land of the free, the land of opportunity.
  • Developments in western art continued to stay
    modern (early 20th century themes)

21
The Innovation of Culture
  • Music became more popular and more complex. (lots
    more styles of music). It also became more
    influential.
  • Youth fashion (separate from the upper class) was
    more on edge, wild, more abstract.
  • Art also became more abstract and
    anti-conventional, everyone could interpret it a
    different way.
  • PDA, Sex before marriage, homosexuality rate was
    increasing? past customs/traditions were slowly
    vanishing.
  • Western culture was all superficial and was
    thought to be a distraction from bigger problems
    such as social inequality.

22
Who doesn't want to dress like Thats 70s show!?!
23

After WWII A Soviet Empire
  • Soviet Russia Expanded
  • By 1945 the Soviet army was the dominant force in
    Eastern Europe. (Germans began to retreat)
  • Soviet Union took over and attacked all rivals
    for power.
  • Soviet System created many tensions, all of East
    Germany was moving to West Germany in order to
    avoid control of the Soviet Empire----In
    response the Soviet Empire built the Berlin Wall
    (1961) to regulate the flow.
  • Relaxation on stalinism, created hopes that
    control might be loosened.

24
Global Connections
  • Cold war played key role in themes as
    decolonization and nationalism.
  • Other nations could take sides.
  • Western consumerism and Soviet Communism were
    very different, but both largely secular.
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