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The Periodic Table

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Title: The Periodic Table


1
  • The Periodic Table

2
The Language of Chemistry
  • CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
  • pure substances that cannot be changed into
    other substances.

Aluminum
Bromine
Sodium
3
The Language of Chemistry
  • The elements, their names, and symbols are given
    on the PERIODIC TABLE
  • How many elements are there?

4
The Periodic Table
  • Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)

5
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
  • In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)
    published nearly identical classification
    schemes for elements known to date.
  • Mendeleev gets most credit as he could make
    accurate predictions about elements which he
    thought must exist, but were unknown.
  • The Periodic Table is based on the similarity of
    properties and reactivities exhibited by certain
    elements.
  • Later, Henri Moseley (England, 1887-1915)
    established that each elements has a unique
    atomic number, which is how the current periodic
    table is organized.

6
Glenn Seaborg(1912-1999 )
  • Discovered 8 new elements.
  • Only living person for whom an element was named.

7
Periods in the Periodic Table
The rows are the Periods of the Periodic
Table. As you go down the Periodic Table the
elements become more reactive.
8
Groups in the Periodic Table
The elements in the columns are the Groups of the
Periodic Table.
Elements in groups react in similar ways!
9
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Reaction of potassium H2O
Cutting sodium metal
10
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Magnesium
11
Group 7 The Halogens Fluorine, Chlorine,
Bromine, Iodine
12
Group 8 The Noble GasesHelium, Neon, Argon,
Krypton, Xenon, Radon
  • Lighter than air balloons
  • Neon signs
  • Very Unreactive

13
Transition Elements
  • Lanthanides and actinides

Iron in air gives iron(III) oxide
14
Names of Elements
  • Each element is given a separate name
  • Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, iron and aluminium are
    some well known elements
  • Several elements, such as curium and einsteinium
    are named after well known scientists
  • Others such as francium, germanium and americium
    are named after their country of discovery

15
Where do all the Chemical Elements come from?
  • Only the first 92 elements occur naturally and
    can be found in the Earth, air or water.
  • Nuclear scientists have produced these chemical
    elements inside nuclear reactors
  • Many of these new elements do not last very long
    and often break down by giving off nuclear
    radiation.

16
Atomic Symbols
  • Each element is also given a one letter or two
    letter symbol which is used as a shorthand way of
    writing the element
  • Where a one letter symbol is used, it is written
    in upper case
  • Where two letters are used, the first is written
    in upper case, and the second in lower case

17
Atomic Symbols continued
  • Some element symbols are clearly abbreviations of
    the elements names e.g. carbon C, oxygen O,
    calcium Ca
  • Others, such as iron Fe, sodium Na, mercury
    Hg, are abbreviations of their Latin names
    ferrum, natrium and hydrargyrum

18
Atomic Number
  • Each element has a different ATOMIC NUMBER this
    is identified at the top of their square

13
Al
26.981
19
Abundance of the Elements
  • ABUNDANCE means how much there is of it.
  • There are differences between the abundance of
    elements in the Universe, the Earth and in the
    human body.

All other elements 3
Hydrogen 60
Helium 37
20
All other elements mainly metals 12
Oxygen 47
Iron 5
Aluminium 8
Silicon 28
Calcium 2
All other elements mainly metals 2
Nitrogen 2
Hydrogen 10
Oxygen 65
Carbon 18
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