How does government create plans to address the needs of society? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 15
About This Presentation
Title:

How does government create plans to address the needs of society?

Description:

How does government create plans to address the needs of society? LESSON 8 Public Policy What is public policy? PUBLIC POLICY: All of government s actions and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:103
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 16
Provided by: Lud59
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: How does government create plans to address the needs of society?


1
How does government create plans to address the
needs of society?
LESSON 8 Public Policy
2
What is public policy?
  • PUBLIC POLICY All of governments actions and
    programs that address issues and problems in
    society or work toward a national goal
  • Five stages of creating policy
  • Recognizing the problem
  • Formulating the policy
  • Adopting the policy
  • Implementing the policy
  • Evaluating the policy
  • ELEMENTS OF PUBLIC POLICY
  • Economic policy
  • Domestic policy
  • Foreign policy

3
How does public policy apply to economics?
  • CREATION OF ECONOMIC POLICY
  • American economy runs on premise of free
    enterprise
  • Governments involvement with economy in history
  • ADAM SMITH (The Wealth of Nations) Marketplace
    governed by supply and demand ? existed until
    1930s
  • Roadblock to free enterprise GREAT DEPRESSION
  • POST DEPRESSION (New Deal)? KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS
    (government must spend and invest when private
    industry cant or wont)
  • 1980s Return to supply-side economics ?
    trickle-down theory

4
How does public policy apply to economics?
  • MONETARY POLICY Governments control of the
    money supply
  • TOO MUCH MONEY? Inflation sets in and prices go
    up
  • TOO LITTLE MONEY? Deflation the driving up of
    the value of a dollar
  • FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (the Fed) Regional
    banks that control bank deposits and amount of
    money available on market

5
How does public policy apply to economics?
  • FISCAL POLICY How the government raises and
    spends its money
  • KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS Government must spend to
    spur economic growth even if it has to borrow
  • SUPPLY-SIDE ECONOMICS Let business reinvest its
    wealth to spur economy (trickle-down approach)
  • Provide tax cuts to people and companies
  • RISKY! Huge deficits generated by cutting taxes

6
How does government raise money to pay for public
policy?
  • PAYING FOR PUBLIC POLICY
  • FEDERAL INCOME TAX Largest source of federal
    revenue
  • Progressive (graduated) tax The more money you
    make, the higher percentage you pay
  • People and companies provide 57 of national
    revenue through taxes

7
How does government raise money to pay for public
policy?
  • OTHER TAX REVENUES
  • SOCIAL INSURANCE TAXES (34 of revenue) Payments
    for Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment
    compensation ? regressive tax that hits poor
    harder
  • EXCISE TAXES Taxes on manufacture,
    transportation, sale, or consumption of goods
  • ESTATE GIFT TAXES Taxes on property and gifts
    of money
  • CUSTOMS DUTIES TARIFFS Taxes on goods imported
    into the U.S.

8
How does government raise money to pay for public
policy?
  • BORROWING
  • PRE-DEPRESSION Government acted as creditor
    nation rarely borrowed from other countries
  • POST-DEPRESSION Regular borrowing to finance
    budget

Federal debt as of this morning
Federal Debt Clock
9
What does the federal government spend money on
anyway?
  • GOVERNMENT SPENDING
  • Categories of largest amounts of spending
  • ENTITLEMENTS Required government payments (SSI,
    Medicare, etc.)
  • NATIONAL DEFENSE Figure now exaggerated due to
    Iraq Civil War
  • NATIONAL DEBT Accumulated debt also includes
    heavy interest payments

10
What does the federal government spend money on
anyway?
  • Other government spending
  • Highways
  • Housing
  • Education
  • Foreign aid
  • Space exploration (NASA)

11
How does the government plan out its budget?
  • Federal budget process
  • PHASE 1 Estimating needs and making requests
  • PHASE 2 Reviewing, revising and submitting
    budget
  • PHASE 3 Developing and approving a
    Congressional budget
  • PHASE 4 Creating a final budget
  • No agreement on the federal budget?
  • Congress continues to meet until a resolution is
    made, or
  • President can order shutdown of federal
    government until budget is settled

12
What does the federal government consider when
creating domestic policy?
  • CREATION OF DOMESTIC POLICY
  • DOMESTIC POLICY Decisions, actions, and
    principles that guide governments approach to
    problems within the United States
  • Two types of domestic policy
  • Regulatory policy
  • Social policy

13
What does the federal government consider when
creating domestic policy?
  • REGULATORY POLICY Federal government oversees
    activities of individuals, businesses, and
    government institutions
  • Regulation of business Abuses by monopolies in
    late 19th century led to government intervention
  • INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT (1887) Set up Interstate
    Commerce Commission, investigating unfair
    practices of railroads
  • SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT (1890) Made trusts illegal
    ? vague law
  • CLAYTON ACT (1914) Set up Federal Trade
    Commission (FTC) to enforce illegal monopolistic
    practices

14
What does the federal government consider when
creating domestic policy?
  • Regulation of labor Federal government has acted
    to provide safeguards for American workers
  • WAGNER ACT (1935) Gave workers right to organize
    and to collectively bargain with employers
  • FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT (1938) Prohibited child
    labor, set maximium work week, and set minimum
    wage (1938 ? 25 cents/hour)
  • TAFT-HARTLEY ACT (1947) Outlawed closed shops
    and forbade public employees from striking
  • LANDRUM-GRIFFIN ACT (1959) Designed to clean up
    corrupt unions and allow workers to sue unions
  • Regulation of environment and energy
    Preservation of natural resources has been a goal
    since early 20th century

15
How does government create public policy to
address social problems?
  • SOCIAL POLICY Programs and services where the
    federal government assumes full responsibility in
    addressing social issues
  • Key issues addressed by social policy
  • HEALTH CARE
  • WELFARE
  • EDUCATION
  • TERRORISM
  • ABORTION
  • GAY MARRIAGE
  • TECHNOLOGY
  • CRIME
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com