Component 1: Introduction to Health Care and Public Health in the U.S.

1
Component 1 Introduction to Health Care and
Public Health in the U.S.

• Unit 3 Delivering Healthcare (Part 2)
• Lecture 4

This material was developed by Oregon Health
Science University, funded by the Department of
Health and Human Services, Office of the National
Coordinator for Health Information Technology
under Award Number IU24OC000015.
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Outpatient Laboratories

• Laboratory where tests are done on clinical
  specimens
• May be associated with a hospital or be
  freestanding
• The testing may be done in a location remote to
  the location where specimen was obtained

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What Can Laboratories Do? Pathology

• Anatomical Pathology
• Histopathology studies whole tissues
• Cytopathology at the cellular level
• Electron microscopic pathology
• Surgical Pathology
• Chemical pathology (clinical chemistry)
• General chemistry
• Endocrinology
• Immunology
• Toxicology

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Pathology (continued)

• Hematopathology
• Diseases of blood cells
• Traditional microscopy
• Immunohistochemistry
• Flow cytometry
• Molecular diagnostic tests
• Blood banking - Transfusion medicine
• Cytogenetics

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Pathology (continued)

• Clinical microbiology study of microorganisms
• The lab may use culture methods to grow and
  identify organisms
• Forensic pathology
• Specialized laboratory for medical and legal
  issues
• Molecular pathology
• Development of molecular and genetic approaches
  to the diagnosis and classification of human
  tumors
• Design and validation of predictive biomarkers

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Radiology services

• Radiology branch of medicine that uses imaging
  technology to diagnose or treat diseases
• Radiologists physicians who specialize in
  radiology
• Outpatient radiology services may be housed
  within a hospital or may be freestanding

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Radiology services

• Diagnostic radiology
• X rays
• First X-ray taken by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 (his
  wifes hand)

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Radiology services

• Diagnostic radiology
• Computerized Tomography (CT) scans
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans
• Ultrasound
• Mammography
• Bone density tests
• Nuclear medicine tests

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Radiology services

• Interventional radiology invasive tests
• Angiography
• Teleradiology allows radiologists to review
  images remotely
• Technology allows images to be archived and
  retrieved at multiple sites Picture Archiving
  and Communication System or PACS

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Ancillary Services

• Home health care (domiciliary care, home care)
• Care provided at the patients home
• Physician house calls
• Nurse visits
• Home Health Aides
• Help with activities of daily living (ADLs)

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Ancillary Services

• Hospice care
• For patients whose life expectancy is not
  expected to exceed 6 months (terminally ill
  patients)
• Palliative care outside the hospital
• At hospice institutions
• At home
• Multidisciplinary team for care

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Ancillary Services

• Physical therapy
• Maintains function after injury or illness
• Occupational therapy
• Helps patients maintain occupation
• Speech therapy
• Helps patients recover from diseases that affect
  speech
• Care provided by ancillary staff