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Early River Valley Civilizations

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Title: Pre-History Author: mom Last modified by: Nancy Jones Created Date: 8/8/2003 10:27:19 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) Other titles – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Early River Valley Civilizations


1
Chapter 2
  • Early River Valley Civilizations

2
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3
Early River Valley Civilizations
  • Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia (Cradle of
    Civilization)
  • Between Tigris Euphrates Iraq
  • Problems
  • Unpredictable flooding
  • No natural barriers for protection
  • Natural resources limited

4
Mesopotamia cont.
  • Solutions
  • Irrigation ditches
  • Mud brick defensive walls
  • Traded grain, cloth, tools with others for raw
    materials (wood, stone)
  • Organized into city-states
  • Dynasty (single family of rulers)
  • Cultural diffusion spread of ideas to other
    cultures

5
Other Empires
  • Polytheistic belief in many gods
  • Sargon Akkadians conquered Sumer
  • Adopted many aspects of culture
  • First empire brings several groups under one
    ruler
  • Babylonians Hammurabi
  • Hammurabis Code eye for an eye
  • First written code of law

6
Egypt
  • Nile River gift of the Nile regular flooding
    left fertile soil
  • Predictable but changes led to drought or flood
  • Upper Lower Egypt
  • Flows north delta
  • Unifying factor, transportation and communication

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9
Egypt
  • Pharaohs ruled as gods theocracy
  • Belief in afterlife built pyramids
  • Mummification
  • Economic strength, technology, public works,
    strong government
  • Polytheistic

10
Egypt
  • Women had many rights
  • Writing hieroglyphics developed papyrus (paper
    from plant)
  • Calendar, engineering, architecture, medicine,
    surgery
  • http//www.history.com/videos/how-to-make-a-mummy

11
Egypt
  • Invaders weakened Old Kingdom
  • Middle Kingdom (2,000 1,600 BC) restored
    prosperity
  • Didnt last Hyksos took over
  • Rosetta Stone interpreted hieroglyphics

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13
Indus Valley
  • Indian subcontinent
  • Indus River and Ganges River
  • Seasonal monsoons (winds) bring dry air but also
    moist air flooding
  • Floods brought rich soil but were unpredictable

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15
Indus
  • Mohenjo-Daro
  • Harappa planned city brick buildings, grid
    pattern, plumbing, sewage
  • Peaceful, no sharp class differences
  • Collapsed around 1500 BC possibly earthquakes
    changed flow of rivers

16
Section 4 - China
  • Isolated deserts, mountains, ocean surround
  • Huang He (Yellow) Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Rivers
    floods
  • Shang 1600 BCE 1000 BCE - first dynasty to
    leave written records used wood, not mud-brick
    walled cities bronze frequently at war

17
China cont.
  • Importance of group, not individual
  • Family respect important
  • Writing symbols stood for ideas, not sounds so
    many different spoken languages
  • Zhou dynasty 1000 200 BCE -took over but
    adopted Shang features 800 years (longest),
    iron, use of slaves (Confucianism and Daoism)

18
China, cont.
  • Mandate of heaven new theory that rulers got
    authority to rule from heaven divine rule
  • Dynastic Cycle rise, decline, replacement cycle
    (p. 54 chart)
  • Feudalism lords nobles use kings land in
    exchange for service
  • Nobles protected rulers peasants got much
    power over time and fought constantly
  • Zhou collapsed around chaos war love or
    order, harmony, respect, traditional values
    collapsed
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